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Class 3 > Lecture 17: The Work of Breathing > Flashcards

Lecture 17: The Work of Breathing Flashcards

1
Q

The pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to its

A

volume

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2
Q

Decreased volume results in

A

increased pressure

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3
Q

Increased volume results in

A

decreased pressure

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4
Q

Pressure is proportional to the concentration because

A

of collisions of molecules with each other and with the container

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5
Q

Less collisions means

A

less pressure

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6
Q

More collisions means

A

more pressure

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7
Q

What drives the movement of gases?

A

a pressure gradient

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8
Q

Gas will more from _____ pressure to ________ pressure

A

high

low

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9
Q

Right before a breath, the pressure outside the body is _______ ______ the pressure inside the body so the air

A

equal to

does not flow

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10
Q

Describe the pressure gradient created when you inhale including how this affects the volume, the pressure and the flow of air

A

as you inhale

  • volume increases
  • pressure decreases
  • air from the outside rushes into your lungs
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11
Q

Describe the pressure gradient created when you exhale including how this affects the volume, the pressure and the flow of air

A

as you exhale

  • volume decreases
  • pressure increases
  • air from your lungs rushes outwards
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12
Q

What are the two opposing forces that must be overcome to take a breath?

A
  • stiffness of the lungs

- resistance of the airways to the lungs

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13
Q

Describe why the stiffness of the lungs must be overcome?

A

The lungs don’t want to inflate naturally so there is resistance to stretching and accomodating the air

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14
Q

What two things determine the stiffness of the lungs?

A

their compliance and the surface tension which holds the lungs in place

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15
Q

What is compliance?

A

The ability to expand and accomodate an increased volume

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16
Q

Are the lungs compliant?

A

Yes

17
Q

Give an example of lungs not being compliant and why?

What does this mean in terms of pressure and volume?

A

Pulmonary fibrosis
this means that there is scars formed from killed lungs cells and these are not as compliant (ie. it is more difficult to stretch lung to accomodate air)
This means that more pressure is required to reach a certain volume

18
Q

Where does the surface tension that holds the lungs in place come from?

A

alveoli are lined with a fluid that exerts surface tension

19
Q

Fluid in the alveoli and around the lungs does not allow the lungs to

A

expand

20
Q

How do the lungs overcome the surface tension of the water in the alveoli?

A

alveoli produce surfactant which relives surface tension which allows them to expand during each breath

21
Q

Why is there a frictional on the air in the conducting pathways?

A

There is resistance of the air through these pathways so there is a frictional force

22
Q

What is the equation linking resistance to the radius?

A

R = 1/(r^4)

23
Q

What determines the resistance of the airways?

A

the radius of the vessel

24
Q

What is the role of the smooth muscle in the bronchioles?

A

bronchoconstrict

bronchodilate

25
Q

What is the tidal volume (VT)?

A

the volume of air moved in and out during normal, quiet breath

26
Q

What is the inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)?

A

the extra volume that can be breathed in with maximal inhalation

27
Q

What is the expiratory reserve volume (ERV)?

A

the extra volume that can be breathed out with maximal exhalation

28
Q

What is the residual volume?

A

The volume remaining in the lungs after maximal exhalation

29
Q

What is the minimal volume?

A

volume remaining in the lungs if they collapsed

30
Q

What is the vital capacity?

A

inspiratory reserve + expiratory reserve + tidal volume

ie. the total volume of air you can shift in and out of your lungs

31
Q

What is the total lung capacity?

A

vital capacity + residual volume

ie. the volume in the lungs when you have filled them to the max

32
Q

What is the inspiratory capacity?

A

inspiratory reserve + tidal volume

ie. total volume of air you can inspire from rest

33
Q

What is the functional residual capacity?

A

expiratory reserve + residual volume

ie. the volume remaining in the lungs after normal exhalation

34
Q

What does the FEV1 measure?

A

how much vital capacity comes out in one second

35
Q

The FEV1 can discern between _______ and _________ issues

A

obstructive

restrictive

36
Q

Obstructive issues are due to what?

Give two examples

A

resistance to airflow

eg asthma and bronchitis

37
Q

Restrictive issues are due to what?

Give two examples

A

reduced lung capacity

eg. reduced lung compliance (fibrosis) and insufficient surfactant released

Class 3 (41 decks)

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