Lecture 32 Flashcards
Community
all of the species that interact with each other in a particular area
Mutualism
both parties benefit
Consumption
one species benefits at a cost to another species
-one species eats another
Parasitism
parasite benefits at the expense of the host
Commensalism
relationship between species where one benefits and the other neither benefits or is harmed
Competition
competing for resources
Limiting Resources
food, water, shelter, nutrients, light, nesting sites etc
Law of the Minimum
of all possible resources, one will limit the population
Intraspecific Competition
competition within species
Interspecific Competition
competition between species
Ecological Niche
total ecological resource requirement of a species
Principle of Competitive Exclusion
in a stable environment, no two species can occupy the same niche indefinitely
3 Outcomes of having the same niche
- one species will be extirpated (local extinction)
- Species divide resources to occupy separate niches
- Species rapidly evolve to occupy different niches
3 Predation Pressures
- protective shelters from predators become limiting
- Predator/prey ration may increase with increased prey density
- Predator performance can increase with practice
Example of Disease and Parasitism
- lungworm in rocky mountain bighorn sheep
- eggs are ingested when eating grass, and then more eggs are produced in the lungs
- cough out eggs onto grass
- re-infection is common which can be fatal
