Lecture 11

Question 1

Hybrid Zones

Answer 1

when prezygotic isolation does not exist, populations may interbreed to produce hybrids

Question 2

other possible outcomes of hybridization

Answer 2

• reinforcement
• speciation by hybridization
• development of hybrid zones

Question 3

Reinforcement

Answer 3

if two populations of related species have diverged extensively and are distinct genetically, their hybrid offspring may have lower fitness

Question 4

Phylogenies

Answer 4

researchers analyze characteristics of species to infer phylogenetic relationships among species

Question 5

Phenetic

Answer 5

based on computing a statistic that summarizes the overall similarity among taxa, then compares statistics and builds a tree that clusters the most similar populations together

Question 6

Maximum Parsimony

Answer 6

attempts to minimize the number of changes on a tree that are needed to explain the observed data

Question 7

Synapomorphies

Answer 7

shared dervied characters

Question 8

Homology

Answer 8

similarities inherited from a common ancestor

Question 9

Homoplasy

Answer 9

occurs when traits are similar for reasons other than common ancestry

Question 10

Convergent Evolution

Answer 10

occurs when natural selection favors similar solutions to the problems posed by a similar way of life