Lecture 2

Question 1

Artificial Selection

Answer 1

form of natural selection where humans drive the course of evolution

Question 2

How fast artificial selection can go depends on:

Answer 2

1. How many genes influence the phenotype (more genes, more time)
2. How much the phenotype is controlled by environmental factors (more influenced, more time)

Question 3

How far artificial selection can go depends on:

Answer 3

1. whether there are deleterious consequences

2. the limits of the available genetic variation

Question 4

Unintended Artificial Selection

Answer 4

has unintended consequences

Question 5

Example of Unintended Artificial Selection

Answer 5

Cod sizes were very large and so they would be caught for food, until only small cod is left leaving their offspring to be smaller

Question 6

Speciation

Answer 6

origin of two descendent species from one ancestral species

Question 7

Tree of Life

Answer 7

diagram that depicts relationships among species, has to be inferred from data

Question 8

Taxonomy

Answer 8

study of categorizing life on earth

Question 9

Characteristics of Tree of life

Answer 9

• Hybridization: merging not splitting
• lateral gene transfer
• sex: merging of different genomes
• Endosymbiosis: engulfing a bacteria, merging