Lecture 3

Question 1

What is the main function of B lymphocytes?

Answer 1

to produce antibodies

Question 2

What is the main function of T lymphocytes?

Answer 2

to be helper, cytotoxic, and regulatory T cells

Question 3

What is the function of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC)?

Answer 3

to initiate production of myeloid and lymphoid stem cells

Question 4

What are the two types of adaptive immunity?

Answer 4

humoral and cell-mediated immunity

Question 5

What cells does the humoral immunity use?

Answer 5

B cells

Question 6

What cells does the cell-mediated immunity use?

Answer 6

T cells

Question 7

What are haptans?

Answer 7

cells that can be immogenic but only when attached to a larger carrier cell

Question 8

What are the 5 different types of heavy chains?

Answer 8

alpha, mu, gamma, delta and epsilon

Question 9

What is an isotype?

Answer 9

classes of antibodies

Question 10

What is neutralization?

Answer 10

the binding of toxins to not allow it to attach to target cells

Question 11

What is agglutination?

Answer 11

the binding to 2 or more epitopes on 2 or more microbes

Question 12

What is opsonization?

Answer 12

the enhancement of phagocytosis

Question 13

What is the difference between class one and class two MHC?

Answer 13

class one binds to host and non-host cells, class two binds only to non-host cells

Question 14

How does the adaptive immune response change when exposed to the same antigen for a second time?

Answer 14

the response increases and becomes stronger, more efficient

Question 15

Where do B cells mature?

Answer 15

bone marrow

Question 16

Where do T cells mature?

Answer 16

thymus

Question 17

What are epitopes?

Answer 17

the antigenic determinants that allow the immune systems to recognize microbes or viruses

Question 18

True or False: T cells and B cells recognize the same epitopes

Answer 18

False, they each recognize one specific epitope

Question 19

What is immunogenicity?

Answer 19

the effectiveness by which an antigen elicits an immune response

Question 20

What is the difference between immunogens and haptens?

Answer 20

immunogens elicit an immune response by themselves, haptens are not immunogenic on there own

Question 21

What are the five immunoglobin classes, their structure, and the number of binding sites?

Answer 21

IgG - monomer, 2
IgM - pentamer, 10
Secretory IgA - dimer, 4
IgD - monomer, 2
IgE - monomer 2

Question 22

What is an outcome of cell mediated immunity?

Answer 22

targeted cell death by T-cells

Question 23

How do haptens elicit antibody response?

Answer 23

the hapten must be attached to a larger carrier protein which results in antibody production

Question 24

What is immunologic specificity?

Answer 24

an antibody made for one epitope will not bind to another epitope

Question 25

How are vaccination and immunologic specificity related?

Answer 25

an antibody binds to a different epitope (vaccine) that is similar to the epitope it is suppose to bind to - cross protection