Lecture 3 Flashcards
What is the main function of B lymphocytes?
to produce antibodies
What is the main function of T lymphocytes?
to be helper, cytotoxic, and regulatory T cells
What is the function of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC)?
to initiate production of myeloid and lymphoid stem cells
What are the two types of adaptive immunity?
humoral and cell-mediated immunity
What cells does the humoral immunity use?
B cells
What cells does the cell-mediated immunity use?
T cells
What are haptans?
cells that can be immogenic but only when attached to a larger carrier cell
What are the 5 different types of heavy chains?
alpha, mu, gamma, delta and epsilon
What is an isotype?
classes of antibodies
What is neutralization?
the binding of toxins to not allow it to attach to target cells
What is agglutination?
the binding to 2 or more epitopes on 2 or more microbes
What is opsonization?
the enhancement of phagocytosis
What is the difference between class one and class two MHC?
class one binds to host and non-host cells, class two binds only to non-host cells
How does the adaptive immune response change when exposed to the same antigen for a second time?
the response increases and becomes stronger, more efficient
Where do B cells mature?
bone marrow
Where do T cells mature?
thymus
What are epitopes?
the antigenic determinants that allow the immune systems to recognize microbes or viruses
True or False: T cells and B cells recognize the same epitopes
False, they each recognize one specific epitope
What is immunogenicity?
the effectiveness by which an antigen elicits an immune response
What is the difference between immunogens and haptens?
immunogens elicit an immune response by themselves, haptens are not immunogenic on there own
What are the five immunoglobin classes, their structure, and the number of binding sites?
IgG - monomer, 2 IgM - pentamer, 10 Secretory IgA - dimer, 4 IgD - monomer, 2 IgE - monomer 2
What is an outcome of cell mediated immunity?
targeted cell death by T-cells
How do haptens elicit antibody response?
the hapten must be attached to a larger carrier protein which results in antibody production
What is immunologic specificity?
an antibody made for one epitope will not bind to another epitope
How are vaccination and immunologic specificity related?
an antibody binds to a different epitope (vaccine) that is similar to the epitope it is suppose to bind to - cross protection
