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Immunology > Lecture 3+4: Cells and tissues of the immune system > Flashcards

Lecture 3+4: Cells and tissues of the immune system Flashcards

1
Q

Polycythemia

A

Too many RBC’s

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2
Q

Thrombocytosis

A

Too many platelets

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3
Q

Leukocytosis

A

Too many WBC

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4
Q

Neutrophilia

A

Too many neutrophils

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5
Q

Lymphocytosis

A

Too many lymphocytes

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6
Q

Eosinophilia

A

Too many eosinophils

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7
Q

Basophilia

A

Too many basophils

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8
Q

Anemia

A

Too few RBC’s

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9
Q

Thrombocytopenia

A

Too few platelets

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10
Q

Leukopenia

A

Too few WBC

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11
Q

Neutropenia

A

Too few neutrophils

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12
Q

Lymphopenia

A

Too few lymphocytes

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13
Q

Hematopoiesis

A

Blood cell development

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14
Q

Where do immune cells come from

A

Starts in utero in the yolk sac in the primitive phase then transitions and becomes the definitive stage in the embryo proper

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15
Q

Where do all immune cells derive from

A

Common multipotent hematopoietic stem cell

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16
Q

What cells make up the myeloid lineage

A

Eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, monocytes/macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells

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17
Q

What cells make up the lymphoid lineage

A

B and T cells, NK cells

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18
Q

What cell type has longest lifespan

A

Memory B cells

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19
Q

What cell type has the shortest lifespain

A

Neutrophils

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20
Q

What are the histological characteristics of a lymphocyte

A

Large, round nucleus, heterochromatic, thin rim of cytoplasm

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21
Q

What lymphocyte does humoral immunity

A

B cells

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22
Q

What lymphocyte does cellular immunity

A

T cells

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23
Q

What are the sources of lymphocytes

A

Yolk sac—> fetal liver—> bone marrow

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24
Q

What are the primary lymphoid organs

A

Bursa of Fabricius (birds only), thymus, bone marrow, Peyer’s patches

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25
Q

What a are the secondary lymphoid organ

A

Lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow, peyer’s patches

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26
Q

What is the bursa of fabricius

A

Found only in birds, consists of lymphocytes within epithelial tissue, antibody forming lymphocytes

27
Q

Where is the thymus located

A

Mediastinum

28
Q

What type of cells are located in the outer cortex of thymus

A

Immature lymphocytes

29
Q

What type of cells are located in inner medulla

A

Mature lymphocytes

30
Q

What is the function of Hassal’s corpuscles

A

Produce cytokines

31
Q

How do we further identify T and B cell subtypes

A

With CD or cluster of differentiation molecules

32
Q

What CD molecule does Tc bind

A

CD8

33
Q

What CD molecule does Th bind

A

CD4

34
Q

Why is it important to know the T and B cell subtypes

A

Lymphocyte phenotyping

35
Q

What is the primary site of hematopoiesis in adults

A

Bone marrow

36
Q

Bone marrow

A

Hematopoiesis, B cell maturation, primary lymphoid organ

37
Q

Pancytopenia

A

Bone marrow wiped out so decrease in all cell types

38
Q

Why is a bone marrow biopsy especially important in horses

A

Only way to diagnose immunocompromised horses because they don’t release reticulocytes

39
Q

What is Peyer’s patches

A

Mucosa associated lymphoid tissue, common mucosal system

40
Q

What type of Peyer’s patch do ruminants, pigs, horses and cows have and what is it like

A

Large ideal peyer’s patch
Primary lymphoid organ

41
Q

What type of peyer’s patch is present in rabbits and rodents

A

Small, ileal peyer’s patch
Secondary lymphoid organ

42
Q

What is located in the cortex of lymph nodes

A

Primary follicles, B cells

43
Q

What is located in the paracortex of the lymph nodes

A

T cells

44
Q

What is located in the medulla of the lymph node

A

Plasma cells

45
Q

High endothelial venules

A

Allow passage of lymphocytes

46
Q

What organ is a major site of antibody production

A

Spleen

47
Q

What is the function of the white pulp of spleen

A

Lymphoid tissue, contains B cells and PALS

48
Q

Describe the steps in extrasvastion

A
  1. Tethering of leukocyte loosely via E-selection and CD15
  2. Triggering- begin to cease roll
    3, Latching- firm attachment to ICAM
  3. Diapedesis- leukocyte moves between endothelial cells and cytokines and chemokines direct cell
49
Q

What is a monocyte called in tissues

A

Macrophage

50
Q

What is the name of macrophages in the brain

A

Microglia

51
Q

what is the name of macrophages in the liver

A

Kuppfer cells

52
Q

What is the name of macrophages in the lungs

A

Pulmonary interstitial macrophages (PIMS)

53
Q

What are the two main functions of macrophages

A

Phagocytosis and antigen presentation

54
Q

Neutrophils

A

Segmented, front line innate immune defense, short lifespan

55
Q

What are immature neutrophils called

A

Bands

56
Q

What are some functions of neutrophils

A

Degranulation, phagocytosis, oxidative burst and neutrophil extracellular traps

57
Q

What is neutrophil extracellular trap

A

Neutrophil will release DNA that acts as a trap for bacteria to keep it from replicating

58
Q

In what cases would eosinophils be elevated

A

Worms, wheezes and weird disease

59
Q

What do the granules in eosinophils contain

A

Major basic protein, eosinophilic perioxidase, eosinophilic cationic protein, eosinophilic derived neurotoxin

60
Q

What is multisystemic eosinophilic epitheliotrophic disease (MEED)

A

Overproduction of eosinophils resulting in skin and GI lesions

61
Q

What do mast cells do

A

Release histamine as a result of allergic reaction

62
Q

What do basophils play a role in

A

Allergic reactions

63
Q

What is the main function of dendritic cells

A

Present antigens to adaptive immune system

64
Q

What is one common veterinary procedure in which dendritic cells play a role=

A

Vaccines

Immunology (22 decks)

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