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Immunology > Lecture 28: Type II-IV Hypersensitivities > Flashcards

Lecture 28: Type II-IV Hypersensitivities Flashcards

1
Q

Type II hypersensitivity reactions occur through production of what Ig’s

A

IgM or IgG

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2
Q

What type of hypersensitivity reactions are myasthenia gravis and Pemphigus

A

Type II

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3
Q

What happens during sensitization phase of type II hypersensitivity reactions

A

Exposure to antigen leads to production of IgG or IgM

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4
Q

What occurs during effector phaser of hypersensitivity reactions

A

Re-exposure to antigen allows allergen specific IgM or IgG to bind causing immune mediated damage or blocks normal function of cells/tissues

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5
Q

What are some effector phase mechanisms in type II hypersensitvities

A

ADCC, complement mediated lysis (MAC), and antibody interference

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6
Q

What type of hypersensitivity is secondary IMHA

A

Type II

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7
Q

What causes secondary IMHA

A

Immunologic response against non-self antigens that have absorbed or modified normal RBC’s

Antibodies bind to antigens on RBC’s resulting in lysis

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8
Q

What type of hypersensitivity reaction are transfusion reactions

A

Type II

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9
Q

What causes transfusion reactions

A

Reaction to blood group antigens mediated by antibodies that bind and lyse transfused RBC’s

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10
Q

What tests should be run to prevent transfusion reactions

A

Blood typing and cross matching

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11
Q

What type of hypersensitivity reaction is neonatal iseoerthyrolysis

A

Type II

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12
Q

What causes neonatal iseoerthrolysis

A

Foal is Aa+ and mare is Aa- therefore producing anti-Aa antibodies in milk, resulting in mismatched blood group maternal antibodies that bind and lyse neonatal RBC’s

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13
Q

What commonly causes maternal AB’s to arise and cause neonatal isoerythrolysis

A

Repeated pregnancies

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14
Q

What are some diagnostic tests that can be performed for type II hypersensitivities

A

ELISA and direct Coombs test

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15
Q

What is the ELISA test testing for

A

Antibodies

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16
Q

How does the direct Coombs test work

A

Detects antibodies bound to RBC’s, agglutination assay

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17
Q

Type III hypersensitivities are reactions caused by ___formed by ___

A

Small immune complexes formed by soluble antigens

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18
Q

What Ig’s are released in type III hypersensitivity

A

IgG or IgM

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19
Q

What causes small aggregates/complexes

A

Exposure to antigen or antibody excess

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20
Q

SLE is example of what type of hypersensitivity

A

Type III

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21
Q

What happens in sensitization phase of type III hypersensitivities

A

Initial exposure to antigen resulting in immune complexes that deposit into tissues

22
Q

What happens in effector phase of type III hypersensitivity reactions

A

Immune complex activation of complement and recruitment of inflammatory cells

23
Q

Immune complexes in type III hypersensitivity reactions accumulate in tissue and cause continual activation of ____ and release of ___ and ____

A

Complement, neutrophils and ROS

24
Q

Platelet aggregation and possible development of thrombi, hemorrhage, edema and necrosis in tissues could be a result of what type of hypersensitivity reaction

A

Type III

25
Q

What type of hypersensitivity reaction is Arthus reaction

A

Type III

26
Q

What causes arthus reaction- localized vasculitis

A

Sensitization of antigen results in high levels of antibody production leading to antibody excess

Upon repeated exposure antibodies form small immune complexes and deposit in vasculature at exposure site

27
Q

What are some examples of arthus reactions- localized vasculitis

A

Canine blue eye, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, equine RAO

28
Q

What causes systemic vasculitis (serum sickness)

A

Large dose of foreign serum or in response to some infection—> antigen excess

29
Q

Where do small immune complexes in systemic vasculitis form

A

Vessel walls

30
Q

Systemic immune complex deposition result in tissue damage and what are 3 common manifestations

A

Vasculitis, arthritis, glomerulonephritis

31
Q

What vaccine in horses can cause purpura hemorrhagica

A

Strangles, immune response to bacterial M protein

32
Q

What is a diagnostic test that can be used in type III hypersensitivities

A

ELISA immunoassays

33
Q

What are some possible treatments for type III hypersensitivities

A

Corticosteroids, antibiotics, and supportive care (IV, NSAIDS)

34
Q

What cells mediate type IV hypersensitivity reactions

A

TH1, macrophages, and cTL’s

35
Q

Type IV hypersensitivity reactions are often caused by what complexes

A

Hapten carrier

36
Q

What happens during sensitization phase of type IV hypersensitivity reaction

A

Primary immune response

37
Q

What happens during effector phase of type IV hypersensitivity reaction

A

Activation of memory Th1 cells

38
Q

What cytokines are released by Th1 in type IV effector phase

A

IFN-y and IL-8

39
Q

Recruitment an activation of macrophages and neutrophils in type IV effector phase result in tissue destruction due to ___ and ___

A

Lytic enzymes and ROS

40
Q

Prolonged Type IV hypersensitivity reactions can lead to ___formation

A

Granuloma

41
Q

Turbecule formation is an example of what type of hypersensitivity reaction

A

Type IV

42
Q

What in vivo testing can be done for TB

A

Intradermal tuberculin testing

43
Q

What proteins are injected in TB skin test

A

Tiubuerculin proteins

44
Q

What in vitro testing can be done for TB

A

IFN-y release assay, measure release by T cells

45
Q

How would you perform IFN-y release assay for TB

A

Obtain blood, add antigen, centrifuge, remove supernatant, measure IFN-y with ELISA

46
Q

What type of hypersensitivity reaction is contact dermatitis

A

Type IV

47
Q

What complex forms with contact dermatitis

A

Hapten that complexes with protein

48
Q

Contact dermatitis is characterized by

A

Eczematous, blistering reactions

49
Q

What tests can be done for contact dermatitis

A

patch test, small square impregnated with suspected allergen

50
Q

What indicates a positive patch test

A

Redness, edema, formation of vesicles

Immunology (22 decks)

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