Lecture 2A Flashcards

1
Q

The endometrial cycle is broken into what 2 phases

A

Proliferative/follicular phase

Secretory/luteal phase

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2
Q

When is proliferative/follicular phase

A

1st half of menstural cycle

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3
Q

What happens during proliferative/follicular phase

A

Gradual thickening of the functional layer - known as proliferation

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4
Q

The changes during the proliferative/follicular phase is in response to

A

Estrogen

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5
Q

The secretory/ luteal phase is when?

A

The second half of the menstural cycle

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6
Q

What happens during secretory/ luteal phase

A

Increased vascularity and preparation for implantation — known as differentiation

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7
Q

Changes during secretory/ luteal phase are in response to

A

Progesterone mostly but also estrogen

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8
Q

Menstrual bleeding marks day ____

A

1

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9
Q

Why does menstrual bleeding occur in proliferative phase?

A

In response to decrese in estrogen and progesterone levels

Endometrium is breaking down and sheds

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10
Q

In proliferative phase, after mense, the rising estrogen levels stimulate

A

The formation of new layer of endo

Blood vessles and glands supply the thickening endo

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11
Q

At late proliferatice phace endometrium measures up to ______ mm trilaminar

A

11mm

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12
Q

In the secretory phase, after the ovulation, increased levels of progesterone and estrogen prepare to accept ______ and what else occurs

A

Blastocyst

Further thickening of endo
Additional blood vessels develop
Uterine glands increase in size

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13
Q

In secretory phase the endometrium has what sonographic brightness

A

Hyperechoic

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14
Q

Basic endometrial cycle explained

A

If pregnancy doesnt happen - no hCG
Corpus luteum degenerates
Progesterone and estrogen levels decrease
Endometrium starts breaking dowm

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15
Q

Age of first endometrial changes

A

11-13

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16
Q

1st menstrual period called

17
Q

The endometrial cycle can be absent with

A

Hormonal imbalances, BCP, hormone therapies

18
Q

Ovarian cycle divided into what 3 phases

A

Follicular
Ovulatory
Luteal

19
Q

3 basic series of events in ovarian cycle

A

Oocytes maturation
Ovulation
Release of mature ovum into fallopian tube

20
Q

What happens during Follicular phase

A

A group of primary follicles begin development (FSH)

As follicles mature they produce estrogen

Soon after one/two follicle becomes dominant
And starts to produce more estrogen

21
Q

What happens in Follicular phase to the rest of the follicles when one becomes dominant

A

They undergo atresia

22
Q

At the end of the Follicular phase the dominant follicle becomes_________ and move toward ______

A

Graafian follicle and moves toward the ovarian wall

23
Q

What happens in Ovulatory phase of the ovarian cycle

A

LH surge occurs
This causes follicular and ovarian wall to rupture
Ovulation occur and mature ovum get picked up by fimbriae

Mittelschmerz
Small amount of fluid in PCDS

24
Q

WHAT HAPPENS IN LUTEAL PHASE OF OVARIAN CYCLE to the graafian

A

Is collapses and forms into the corpus luteum

25
The corpus luteum secretes mostly ______ and some _____
Mostly progesterone and some estrogen
26
corpus luteum lasts ___-____ days unles
12-14 days unless it begins recieving hCG from gest sac
27
Without fertilization of an egg the corpus luteum
Degenerates becoming the corpus albicans This decreases progesterone levels
28
The hormonal cycle involves the interactions of several hormones:
GnRH- gonadotropin-releasing hormone FSH- follicle stimulating hormone LH- luteinizing hormone Estrogen Progesterone
29
Negative feedback loop of hormonal cycle
Increase levels of estrogen->inhibition of GnRH-> decreased levels of FSH and LH
30
Positive feedback loop of hormonal cycle
Decreased levels of estrogen -> GnRH production in hypothalamus increased—> increased levels of FSH andLSH
31
Target cells of GnRH
Anterior pituitary
32
Major function of GnRH
Secretes hromones that control the secretion of anterior pituitary hormones
33
Gonadotropic hormone major function
Stimulate gonads (gamete production and sex hormone secretion)
34
FSH target cells
Ovarian follicles
35
Major function of FSH
Promotes follicular growth and development Stimulates estrogen production
36
LH target cells
oVARIAN FOLLicles and corpus luteum
37
LH major function
``` stimulates: Ovulation Corpus luteum development Estrogen production Progesterone production ```