Lecture 2A Flashcards
The endometrial cycle is broken into what 2 phases
Proliferative/follicular phase
Secretory/luteal phase
When is proliferative/follicular phase
1st half of menstural cycle
What happens during proliferative/follicular phase
Gradual thickening of the functional layer - known as proliferation
The changes during the proliferative/follicular phase is in response to
Estrogen
The secretory/ luteal phase is when?
The second half of the menstural cycle
What happens during secretory/ luteal phase
Increased vascularity and preparation for implantation — known as differentiation
Changes during secretory/ luteal phase are in response to
Progesterone mostly but also estrogen
Menstrual bleeding marks day ____
1
Why does menstrual bleeding occur in proliferative phase?
In response to decrese in estrogen and progesterone levels
Endometrium is breaking down and sheds
In proliferative phase, after mense, the rising estrogen levels stimulate
The formation of new layer of endo
Blood vessles and glands supply the thickening endo
At late proliferatice phace endometrium measures up to ______ mm trilaminar
11mm
In the secretory phase, after the ovulation, increased levels of progesterone and estrogen prepare to accept ______ and what else occurs
Blastocyst
Further thickening of endo
Additional blood vessels develop
Uterine glands increase in size
In secretory phase the endometrium has what sonographic brightness
Hyperechoic
Basic endometrial cycle explained
If pregnancy doesnt happen - no hCG
Corpus luteum degenerates
Progesterone and estrogen levels decrease
Endometrium starts breaking dowm
Age of first endometrial changes
11-13
1st menstrual period called
Menarche
The endometrial cycle can be absent with
Hormonal imbalances, BCP, hormone therapies
Ovarian cycle divided into what 3 phases
Follicular
Ovulatory
Luteal
3 basic series of events in ovarian cycle
Oocytes maturation
Ovulation
Release of mature ovum into fallopian tube
What happens during Follicular phase
A group of primary follicles begin development (FSH)
As follicles mature they produce estrogen
Soon after one/two follicle becomes dominant
And starts to produce more estrogen
What happens in Follicular phase to the rest of the follicles when one becomes dominant
They undergo atresia
At the end of the Follicular phase the dominant follicle becomes_________ and move toward ______
Graafian follicle and moves toward the ovarian wall
What happens in Ovulatory phase of the ovarian cycle
LH surge occurs
This causes follicular and ovarian wall to rupture
Ovulation occur and mature ovum get picked up by fimbriae
Mittelschmerz
Small amount of fluid in PCDS
WHAT HAPPENS IN LUTEAL PHASE OF OVARIAN CYCLE to the graafian
Is collapses and forms into the corpus luteum
The corpus luteum secretes mostly ______ and some _____
Mostly progesterone and some estrogen
corpus luteum lasts ___-____ days unles
12-14 days unless it begins recieving hCG from gest sac
Without fertilization of an egg the corpus luteum
Degenerates becoming the corpus albicans
This decreases progesterone levels
The hormonal cycle involves the interactions of several hormones:
GnRH- gonadotropin-releasing hormone
FSH- follicle stimulating hormone
LH- luteinizing hormone
Estrogen
Progesterone
Negative feedback loop of hormonal cycle
Increase levels of estrogen->inhibition of GnRH-> decreased levels of FSH and LH
Positive feedback loop of hormonal cycle
Decreased levels of estrogen -> GnRH production in hypothalamus increased—> increased levels of FSH andLSH
Target cells of GnRH
Anterior pituitary
Major function of GnRH
Secretes hromones that control the secretion of anterior pituitary hormones
Gonadotropic hormone major function
Stimulate gonads (gamete production and sex hormone secretion)
FSH target cells
Ovarian follicles
Major function of FSH
Promotes follicular growth and development
Stimulates estrogen production
LH target cells
oVARIAN FOLLicles and corpus luteum
LH major function
stimulates: Ovulation Corpus luteum development Estrogen production Progesterone production
