Lecture 27 - Bone Healing & Grafting

Question 1

What are the 2 types of bone healing?

Answer 1

Primary and secondary

Question 2

In primary healing, bone forms _____.

Answer 2

directly

Question 3

What are the units of bone that are involved in remodeling?

Answer 3

Haversian units

Question 4

What is secondary healing?

Answer 4

Intramembranous or endochondral ossification

Question 5

What forms in secondary healing and what is it made of?

Answer 5

Callus;

Cartilage, fibrocartilage

Question 6

Secondary bone healing requires _____.

Answer 6

blood supply (intramedullary or temporary extra-osseous)

Question 7

What is a graft

Answer 7

Transfer of living tissue

Question 8

What is an autograft?

Answer 8

Tissue from the same individual

Question 9

What is an allograft?

Answer 9

Same spp, different individual

Question 10

What is a xenograft?

Answer 10

different spp

Question 11

What types of bones are used for grafts?

Answer 11

Cancellous, cortical, combo

Question 12

What are 5 examples of things that can have a bone graft?

Answer 12

1. Craniofacial reconstruction
2. Cysts, non-unions, intercalary defects
3. Spine fusion
4. Segmental defect repair
5. Prosthetic implant fixation

Question 13

What is osteogenesis?

Answer 13

Transfer of living cells

Question 14

What is osteoinduction?

Answer 14

Induction of cells to become bone

Question 15

What is osteoconduction?

Answer 15

Scaffold for bone cells

Question 16

What is osteopromotion?

Answer 16

improving mechanical or biological moevement

Question 17

What is the “gold standard” of bone replacement?

Answer 17

Autogenous cancellous bone

Question 18

What are the 4 aspects of bone regeneration?

Answer 18

Osteogenesis, osteoinduction, osteoconduction, osteopromotion

Question 19

What is the morbidity of using autogenous cancellous bone as a graft?

Answer 19

low in animals

Question 20

What are indications to use an autogenous cancellous bone graft?

Answer 20

Bone defects, slow healing fractures, non-unions/delayed unions, open fractures with bone loss, spinal fusions, arthrodesis, bone cysts

Question 21

What are harvest locations?

Answer 21

Proximal humerus, iliac wing, distal femur, proximal tibia, rib

Question 22

What are some substitutes to grafts?

Answer 22

Calcium phosphates, bioactive glass, coral, calcium sulfate, demineralized bone matrix