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Intro to Surgery > Lecture 25 - Fracture Mechanics > Flashcards

Lecture 25 - Fracture Mechanics Flashcards

1
Q

What is a Type I Salter fracture?

A

Straight across

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2
Q

What is a Type II Salter fracture?

A

Above

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3
Q

What is a Type III Salter fracture?

A

Lower or beLow

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4
Q

What is a Type IV Salter fracture?

A

Two

OR

Through

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5
Q

What is a Type V Salter fracture?

A

ERasure of the growth plate

OR

cRush

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6
Q

What are the 5 components used to describe a fracture?

A
  1. Open or Closed
  2. Configuration (transverse, short oblique, long onlique, comminuted)
  3. Location of the fracture within the bone
  4. Specific bone fractured
  5. Displacement and overriding
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7
Q

What are the types of implants (materials) used in fracture repair?

A

316 LVM Stainless Steel

Titanium Pure

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8
Q

Stiffness of a rod is _____.

A

radius to 4th power

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9
Q

Stiffness of a square beam is _____.

A

height to 3rd power

width to 1st power

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10
Q

Stiffness of a length of with beam is _____.

A

length to 3rd power

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11
Q

To use cerclage wire, fracture must be _____.

A

Long oblique

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12
Q

T/F: Cerclage wire can be used as the sole means of repair.

A

False

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13
Q

What size cerclage wire should be used in dogs vs. cats/toy breeds?

A

Dogs = 1-1.2mm (18-20G)

Cats/toy breeds = 0.64-0.81mm (20-22G)

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14
Q

___ or more circumferential cerclage wires must be used, placed _____ apart.

A

2, 8-10mm

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15
Q

Cerclage should be no closer than ____ from the fracture ends.

A

5mm

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16
Q

Cerclage wire must reside directly on _____ and confirmed to be _____.

A

bone, tight

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17
Q

The size of the intramedulary pin should be ___% the diameter of the _____ cavity.

A

50-75%, medullary

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18
Q

The intramedulary pin should be placed _____ when possible.

A

normograde

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19
Q

The intramedulary pin should be seated in the _____.

A

trans (far) epiphysis

20
Q

The fixation construct of the intramedulary pin should counter _____, or _____ should be employed.

A

torsional stress, ancillary devices

21
Q

If intramedulary pins are used in conjunction with plates, the size of the pin should be ____% the diameter of the _____.

A

30-50%, medullary cavity

22
Q

The size of the dynamic compression plate used is dictated by the size of the _____ allowed.

A

screw

23
Q

The major diameter of the screw used should approach but be no greater than ___% of the diameter of the bone being plated with a dynamic compression plate.

A

20%

24
Q

Screws should engage at least ____ cortices on either side of a fracture when using a dynamic compression plate.

A

6

25
Q

Screws shoud engage both _____ and _____ cortices when using a dynamic compression plate.

A

cis (near), trans (far)

26
Q

When plating with a dynamic compression plate, the fracture should be _____ so that there is cortical-cortical contact (esp on the _____ cortex).

A

reduced, trans

27
Q

The dynamic compression plate should be _____ so that it lies directly on the bone.

A

contoured

28
Q

In dynamic compression plating, screws should be placed in _____ — away from the fracture line in the _____.

A

“load position”, dynamic compression hole

29
Q

The size of the locking plate is dictated by the size of the _____ allowed.

A

screw

30
Q

With a locking plate, the major diameter of the screw should approach, but be no greater than ___% of the diameter of the bone being plated.

A

20%

31
Q

How many screws should engage bone on either side of a fracture when using a locking plate?

A

3-4

32
Q

What type of screw can be used with a locking plate?

A

unicortical

33
Q

When using a locking plate, it must not _____, but should be as _____ as possible.

A

lay directly on the bone, close

34
Q

When using a locking plate, ancillary devices such as _____ or _____ should be considered.

A

intramedullary pins, second plates

35
Q

The size of the external fixator is directed by the size of the _____ allowed.

A

fixation pin

36
Q

When using an external fixator, the major diameter of the fixation pin should approach, but be no greater than ___% of the diameter of the bone being plated.

A

20%

37
Q

What type of pins should be used with external fixators when possible?

These penetrate both _____.

A

full pins;

Penetrate both cis and trans cortex

38
Q

What is an alternative to using full pins with external fixators?

A

Double connecting rods with half pins

39
Q

How many pins should engage bone on each side of the fracture when using an external fixator?

A

3

40
Q

_____ profile pins should be used and _____ for transfixation pin should be pre-drilled.

A

Positive, pilot holes

41
Q

Pins should be placed _____ to the long axis of the bone when possible.

A

perpendicular

42
Q

Pins should be placced near the _____ of the bone, as well as _____ to the fracture.

A

ends, close

43
Q

What size connecting rods should be used with an external fixator?

A

large

44
Q

When using an external fixator, clamps should be placed close to, but not touching the _____.

A

skin

45
Q

What types of fractures require lag screws?

A

long oblique

46
Q

Lag screws should be placed _____ to a fx line.

A

Perpendicular

47
Q

Bone likes _____.

A

compression

Intro to Surgery (36 decks)

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