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Intro to Surgery > Lecture 15 - Small Animal Rehab > Flashcards

Lecture 15 - Small Animal Rehab Flashcards

1
Q

What is physical therapy?

A

Science of application of anatomy, biomechanics, psychology, physics, and physiology to persons/animals with dysfunctions, injury, pain, or physical abnormalities.

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2
Q

Rehab is good for what types of injuries/animals?

A
  1. Athletes
  2. neurologic injuries
  3. Orthopedic injuries
  4. Arthritic animals
  5. Obese animals
  6. Geriatric animals
  7. Non-compliant owners
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3
Q

Why is joint immobilization bad?

A
  1. Cartilage degeneration
  2. Ligament degeneration
  3. Muscle atrophy
  4. Hypertrophy of scar tissue
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4
Q

How does cartilage degeneration occur with immobilization?

A

Decreased synovial fluid production, decreased diffusion into cartilage

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5
Q

What can joint immobilization ultimately lead to?

A

Decreased ROM

Increased pain, OA, functional impairment

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6
Q

What are the benefits of rehab?

A
  1. Maintains or increases joint ROM
  2. Slows development of OA (nutrition to cartilage)
  3. Decreases pain
  4. Shortens recovery time
  5. Increases quality of life
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7
Q

What are things to note during the patient assessment for rehab?

A
  1. Throrough history
  2. Lifestyle/expectations
  3. General PE
  4. Ortho exam
  5. Neuro exam
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8
Q

Pain management should aways be done with a _____ approach.

A

multimodal (EX: NSAID + heat therapy)

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9
Q

What are some important aspects of nursing care during rehab?

A
  1. Soft bedding
  2. Proper nutrition
  3. Monitoring for pressure sores
  4. Monitoring urination (scald, retention)
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10
Q

What non-specialized rehab equipment are used?

A
  1. Thermotherapy
  2. Passive ROM
  3. Massage therapy
  4. Land exercises (wheelbarrow, dancing, sit-to-stand, assisted ambulation)
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11
Q

What specialized rehab equipment are used?

A
  1. Underwater treadmill
  2. Pool
  3. Land treadmill
  4. Therapeutic ultrasound
  5. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation
  6. Low level laser therapy
  7. Land-based tools (physio-rolls, Cavaletti rails, stairs, balance board)
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12
Q

What is cryotherapy?

A

Superficial cold therapy applied to injured area usually 0-72 hours post injury.

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13
Q

What are benefits of cryotherapy?

A
  1. Skeletal muscle relaxation (improved venous/lymphatic flow, reduced edema)
  2. Vasoconstriction (reduced edema)
  3. Slows nerve conduction (analgesia)
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14
Q

How far do superficial heating agents penetrate and what is an example?

A

Up to 2 cm;

EX: warm packs

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15
Q

How far do deep heating agents penetrate and what is an example?

A

Up to 5 cm;

EX: therapeutic ultrasound

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16
Q

When should heating tissues be used?

A

Before or after ROM exercises

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17
Q

What do heating tissues do?

A
  1. Increase sensory and motor nerve conduction velocity –> reduce pain and muscle spasms (decreased pain perception)
  2. Relaxes muscles
  3. Increase blood and lymphatic flow
18
Q

What does massage therapy do?

A
  1. Increase blood and lymphatic flow
  2. Breaks down adhesions
  3. Relaxes muscles
  4. Positive emotional state
19
Q

When should massage therapy be done?

A

Before putting the animal on a treadmill or doing other physical exercises

20
Q

When is massage therapy contraindicated?

A

When there is infection, neoplasia, open wounds, thromboembolic disease

21
Q

What is passive ROM?

A

Motion in a joint without muscle contraction;

Manual flexion and extension of joints

22
Q

What are benefits of land-based activities?

A
  1. Improve tissue strength
  2. Increase coordination and cardiovascular fitness
  3. Decrease joint stiffness/pain, muscle atrophy
23
Q

When are land-based activities contraindicated?

A

When there is persistent pain, unstable fractures or luxations

24
Q

What are benefits of Cavaletti rails?

A
  1. Increase active flexion
  2. Increase active extension
25
Q

What does use of Cavaletti rails develop?

A

Proprioception, coordination, balance;

Used at end of therapy for neuro cases

26
Q

What are benefits of using a balance board?

A

Improve blanace, proprioception, and coordination

27
Q

What are benefits to using a land treadmill?

A
  1. Build strength and coordination
  2. Most dogs can be trained to use it
  3. Sometimes better than underwater treadmill
28
Q

What are benefits of water-based exercises?

A
  1. Low impact
  2. Can be started early in the recovery phase
  3. Thermotherapy
  4. Resistance and viscosity
  5. Surface tension
  6. Buoyancy
29
Q

Under what conditions might water therapy be contraindicated?

A
  1. Cardiac dysfunction
  2. Respiratory dysfunction
  3. Decreased thermal sensation
  4. Severe peripheral vascular disease
  5. Infection
  6. Diarrhea or incontinence
30
Q

What are benefits of the underwater treadmill?

A
  1. Strengthen muscle mass
  2. Improve cardiovascular fitness
  3. Increased muscle circulation
  4. Increased joint flexibility
  5. Decreases pain
31
Q

What are benefits to swimming?

A
  1. Increased joint flexion
  2. Increased cardiovascular workout
  3. Decreased load on joints vs. land
32
Q

What does LASER stand for?

A

Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation

33
Q

What class is a cold laser?

A

4

34
Q

What are the benefits of laser therapy?

A
  1. Decreases inflammation and promotes healing
  2. Improves wound healing
  3. Increases blood flow and cellular metabolism
  4. Acute and chronic pain relief
35
Q

What does photobiostimulation do?

A

Modulates cellular functions (mitochondrial respiration, ATP synthesis, promotes muscle regeneration)

36
Q

What are benefits of ultrasound therapy?

A
  1. Increases extensibility of tissues (Increased ROM, decreased contracture)
  2. Relaxes muscle spasm
  3. Helps with wound healing
37
Q

What is ultrasound therapy?

A

Sound waves are converted to heat

38
Q

What does Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation do?

A
  1. Muscle strengthening
  2. Muscle re-education
  3. Enhancing function
  4. Pain control
  5. Edema reduction
  6. Muscle spasm reduction
39
Q

How can we measure the effects of rehab?

A
  1. Pain assessment
  2. Gait assessment
  3. Goniometry
  4. Measuring muscle mass
  5. Repeated orthopedic and neurologic exams
  6. Owner questionnaire
40
Q

T/F: Rehab is a substitute for surgery and medical care.

A

False

Intro to Surgery (36 decks)

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