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Intro to Surgery > Lecture 15 - Small Animal Rehab > Flashcards

Lecture 15 - Small Animal Rehab Flashcards

1
Q

What is physical therapy?

A

Science of application of anatomy, biomechanics, psychology, physics, and physiology to persons/animals with dysfunctions, injury, pain, or physical abnormalities.

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2
Q

Rehab is good for what types of injuries/animals?

A
  1. Athletes
  2. neurologic injuries
  3. Orthopedic injuries
  4. Arthritic animals
  5. Obese animals
  6. Geriatric animals
  7. Non-compliant owners
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3
Q

Why is joint immobilization bad?

A
  1. Cartilage degeneration
  2. Ligament degeneration
  3. Muscle atrophy
  4. Hypertrophy of scar tissue
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4
Q

How does cartilage degeneration occur with immobilization?

A

Decreased synovial fluid production, decreased diffusion into cartilage

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5
Q

What can joint immobilization ultimately lead to?

A

Decreased ROM

Increased pain, OA, functional impairment

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6
Q

What are the benefits of rehab?

A
  1. Maintains or increases joint ROM
  2. Slows development of OA (nutrition to cartilage)
  3. Decreases pain
  4. Shortens recovery time
  5. Increases quality of life
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7
Q

What are things to note during the patient assessment for rehab?

A
  1. Throrough history
  2. Lifestyle/expectations
  3. General PE
  4. Ortho exam
  5. Neuro exam
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8
Q

Pain management should aways be done with a _____ approach.

A

multimodal (EX: NSAID + heat therapy)

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9
Q

What are some important aspects of nursing care during rehab?

A
  1. Soft bedding
  2. Proper nutrition
  3. Monitoring for pressure sores
  4. Monitoring urination (scald, retention)
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10
Q

What non-specialized rehab equipment are used?

A
  1. Thermotherapy
  2. Passive ROM
  3. Massage therapy
  4. Land exercises (wheelbarrow, dancing, sit-to-stand, assisted ambulation)
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11
Q

What specialized rehab equipment are used?

A
  1. Underwater treadmill
  2. Pool
  3. Land treadmill
  4. Therapeutic ultrasound
  5. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation
  6. Low level laser therapy
  7. Land-based tools (physio-rolls, Cavaletti rails, stairs, balance board)
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12
Q

What is cryotherapy?

A

Superficial cold therapy applied to injured area usually 0-72 hours post injury.

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13
Q

What are benefits of cryotherapy?

A
  1. Skeletal muscle relaxation (improved venous/lymphatic flow, reduced edema)
  2. Vasoconstriction (reduced edema)
  3. Slows nerve conduction (analgesia)
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14
Q

How far do superficial heating agents penetrate and what is an example?

A

Up to 2 cm;

EX: warm packs

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15
Q

How far do deep heating agents penetrate and what is an example?

A

Up to 5 cm;

EX: therapeutic ultrasound

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16
Q

When should heating tissues be used?

A

Before or after ROM exercises

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17
Q

What do heating tissues do?

A
  1. Increase sensory and motor nerve conduction velocity –> reduce pain and muscle spasms (decreased pain perception)
  2. Relaxes muscles
  3. Increase blood and lymphatic flow
18
Q

What does massage therapy do?

A
  1. Increase blood and lymphatic flow
  2. Breaks down adhesions
  3. Relaxes muscles
  4. Positive emotional state
19
Q

When should massage therapy be done?

A

Before putting the animal on a treadmill or doing other physical exercises

20
Q

When is massage therapy contraindicated?

A

When there is infection, neoplasia, open wounds, thromboembolic disease

21
Q

What is passive ROM?

A

Motion in a joint without muscle contraction;

Manual flexion and extension of joints

22
Q

What are benefits of land-based activities?

A
  1. Improve tissue strength
  2. Increase coordination and cardiovascular fitness
  3. Decrease joint stiffness/pain, muscle atrophy
23
Q

When are land-based activities contraindicated?

A

When there is persistent pain, unstable fractures or luxations

24
Q

What are benefits of Cavaletti rails?

A
  1. Increase active flexion
  2. Increase active extension
25
What does use of Cavaletti rails develop?
Proprioception, coordination, balance; Used at end of therapy for neuro cases
26
What are benefits of using a balance board?
Improve blanace, proprioception, and coordination
27
What are benefits to using a land treadmill?
1. Build strength and coordination 2. Most dogs can be trained to use it 3. Sometimes better than underwater treadmill
28
What are benefits of water-based exercises?
1. Low impact 2. Can be started early in the recovery phase 3. Thermotherapy 4. Resistance and viscosity 5. Surface tension 6. Buoyancy
29
Under what conditions might water therapy be contraindicated?
1. Cardiac dysfunction 2. Respiratory dysfunction 3. Decreased thermal sensation 4. Severe peripheral vascular disease 5. Infection 6. Diarrhea or incontinence
30
What are benefits of the underwater treadmill?
1. Strengthen muscle mass 2. Improve cardiovascular fitness 3. Increased muscle circulation 4. Increased joint flexibility 5. Decreases pain
31
What are benefits to swimming?
1. Increased joint flexion 2. Increased cardiovascular workout 3. Decreased load on joints vs. land
32
What does LASER stand for?
Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation
33
What class is a cold laser?
4
34
What are the benefits of laser therapy?
1. Decreases inflammation and promotes healing 2. Improves wound healing 3. Increases blood flow and cellular metabolism 4. Acute and chronic pain relief
35
What does photobiostimulation do?
Modulates cellular functions (mitochondrial respiration, ATP synthesis, promotes muscle regeneration)
36
What are benefits of ultrasound therapy?
1. Increases extensibility of tissues (Increased ROM, decreased contracture) 2. Relaxes muscle spasm 3. Helps with wound healing
37
What is ultrasound therapy?
Sound waves are converted to heat
38
What does Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation do?
1. Muscle strengthening 2. Muscle re-education 3. Enhancing function 4. Pain control 5. Edema reduction 6. Muscle spasm reduction
39
How can we measure the effects of rehab?
1. Pain assessment 2. Gait assessment 3. Goniometry 4. Measuring muscle mass 5. Repeated orthopedic and neurologic exams 6. Owner questionnaire
40
T/F: Rehab is a substitute for surgery and medical care.
False

Intro to Surgery (36 decks)

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