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Intro to Surgery > Lecture 22 - Common Procedures in FA Surgery > Flashcards

Lecture 22 - Common Procedures in FA Surgery Flashcards

1
Q

What are some common surgical procedures in FA?

A
  1. Castration
  2. Dehorning
  3. Enucleation
  4. Toe amputation
  5. Umbilical hernial repair
  6. C-section
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2
Q

What are some things we can use for pain management?

A

Sedation, Lidocaine, NSAIDs

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3
Q

What are 4 indications for castration in FA?

A
  1. Behavior modification
  2. Prevent unintended births
  3. Improve carcass quality
  4. Pathologic processes
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4
Q

What are 3 pathologic processes that may indicate a castration is needed?

A

Inguinal hernia, testicular torsion, trauma

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5
Q

What castration methods are used in LA?

A

Hormonal, chemical, physical (surgical and non-surgical)

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6
Q

What are non-surgical (bloodless) methods of castration in FA?

A

Band castration, Burdizzo emasculatome

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7
Q

What should you always do before starting a castration?

A

Make sure there are 2 testicles

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8
Q

What two things are used for band castration and what are the guidelines for each?

A
  1. Callicrate bander (no size limit; 300-3000#)
  2. Elastrator bander (young animal <1 month)
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9
Q

What does a Burdizzo emasculatome do? What happens to the scrotum and testicles as a result?

A

Crushes the cord;

Testicles atrophy and shrink; scrotum and testicles do not slough

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10
Q

Crush sites with a Burdizzo emasculatomes should be _____.

A

staggered

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11
Q

Where should lidocaine be placed before a castration?

A

Across the scrotum base where we will incise

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12
Q

Where should the incision for a castration be made?

A

Junction of the middle and distal third of the scrotum

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13
Q

What instrument is used for a horizontal castration approach?

A

Scalpel blade

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14
Q

What instrument is used for a vertical castration approach?

A

Newberry knife

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15
Q

What type of hemostasis occurs in a castration of an animal that is <150 kg?

A

Traction (pulling) –> vasospasm, vasoconstriction, hemostasis

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16
Q

What type of hemostasis occurs in a castration of an animal that is >250 kg and what instruments are involved?

A

External hemostasis;

Henderson castration tool, emasculator, suture

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17
Q

What type of suture type and pattern should be done when trying to achieve external hemostasis in a castration?

A

Absorbable;

Transfixation, encircling, Miller’s

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18
Q

What are some potential complications of castrations?

A

Swelling, surgical site infection, hemorrhage, tetanus

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19
Q

What is the indication for dehorning?

A

Reduce injuries

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20
Q

When is it better to dehorn and what should be avoided at the same time?

A

Early; <6 weeks

Avoid concurrent stress such as vaccination and weaning

21
Q

What nerve is blocked for dehorning cattle?

A

Cornual branch of zygomaticotemporal nerve

22
Q

What nerves are blocked for dehorning goats?

A

Cornual branch of zygomaticotemporal nerve

Cornual branch of infratrochlear nerve

23
Q

When should paste disbudding be done?

A

<48 hours and preceding feeding

24
Q

Why should calves not be exposed to rain for 24-48 hours after using disbudding paste?

A

Paste can run into the eyes causing ulcers

25
Where should a cautery/hot iron be placed when disbudding?
Over the horn bud
26
How should a cautery/hot iron be used to disbud?
Apply and rotate in a circular motion, then dislodge horn bud
27
How long should the cautery/hot iron be used when disbudding calves? Male goats? Female goats?
Calves = 5-7 seconds Male goats = 5 seconds, 4mm Female goats = 3 seconds, 2mm
28
What should the barned dehorner be used on and what is the risk?
Use on larger horns; Can expose the cornual diverticulum of the frontal sinus
29
When should a keystone dehorner be used, where should it be placed, and what is the risk?
Used for much larger horns; Used at the base of the horn; Exposes the cornual diverticulum of the frontal sinus
30
What are potential complications from dehorning?
1. Sinusitis 2. Surgical site infection 3. Hemorrhage 4. Improperly performed --\> recurrence of growth --\> scur formation
31
What are indications for eye enucleation in FA?
Neoplasia (SCC), IBK, panophthalmitis, trauma
32
What two lidocaine blocks should be used for a transpalpebral enucleation?
Retrobulbar and four-point
33
What is the general approach for a transpalpebral enuclearion?
Fusiform incision (ellipse), careful dissection, hemostasis
34
What type of suture and pattern should be used on the SQ for a transpalpebral enucleation closure? On the skin?
SQ = absorbable, continuous Skin = non-absorbable, Ford interlocking/interrupted
35
What are potential complications that can arise after an enucleation?
Hemorrhage, infection, dehiscence, recurrence of disease, convulsions (rare)
36
What are indications for a digit amputation in FA?
1. Injury 2. Septic arthritis of the distal interphalangeal joint 3. Severe foot rot, secondary osteomyelitis 4. Severe phalangeal fractures
37
What are contraindications for a digit amputation in FA?
Sepsis of fetlock, involvement of both digits on the same foot
38
What are benefits to toe amputations in FA? Disadvantages?
Benefits = Rapid recovery, economic choice Disadvantages = Early removal from herd, lower market value
39
What are the steps to prepare for a digit amputation?
1. Restrain in chute or on tilt table 2. IV regional block
40
What type of block would you use for a toe amputation in FA and what are the two options of vessels where this can be administered?
"Bier block" Dorsal common digial vein, abaxial palmar digital vein
41
What can be used to amputate the toe, what type of cut is made, and where are you cutting?
Obstetric (Gigli) wire; Angled cut; Between proximal and distal interdigital ligaments
42
What closure is done in a toe amputation?
None, allow to granulate in; Place a Modified Robert-Jones bandage
43
What are complications that can arise after a toe amputation?
Ascending infection, compensatory digit disease
44
What tissues are prone to herniation in FA?
Omasum, abomasum, intestine
45
What are the 5 types of umbilical hernias?
1. Uncomplicated hernia 2. Hernia with SQ abscess 3. Hernia with umbilical remnant infection 4. Umbilical abscess 5. Urachal cyst, abscess
46
What can be used to correct small umbilical hernias?
Hernial clamps, elastrator bands, hernia belt
47
What are the 2 herniorraphy approaches?
open and closed
48
Which herniorraphy approach enters the peritoneum?
open
49
What are complications that can arise from a herniorraphy?
1. Suture abscess/reaction 2. Seroma 3. Hematoma 4. Dehiscence

Intro to Surgery (36 decks)

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