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Intro to Surgery > Lecture 22 - Common Procedures in FA Surgery > Flashcards

Lecture 22 - Common Procedures in FA Surgery Flashcards

1
Q

What are some common surgical procedures in FA?

A
  1. Castration
  2. Dehorning
  3. Enucleation
  4. Toe amputation
  5. Umbilical hernial repair
  6. C-section
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2
Q

What are some things we can use for pain management?

A

Sedation, Lidocaine, NSAIDs

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3
Q

What are 4 indications for castration in FA?

A
  1. Behavior modification
  2. Prevent unintended births
  3. Improve carcass quality
  4. Pathologic processes
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4
Q

What are 3 pathologic processes that may indicate a castration is needed?

A

Inguinal hernia, testicular torsion, trauma

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5
Q

What castration methods are used in LA?

A

Hormonal, chemical, physical (surgical and non-surgical)

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6
Q

What are non-surgical (bloodless) methods of castration in FA?

A

Band castration, Burdizzo emasculatome

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7
Q

What should you always do before starting a castration?

A

Make sure there are 2 testicles

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8
Q

What two things are used for band castration and what are the guidelines for each?

A
  1. Callicrate bander (no size limit; 300-3000#)
  2. Elastrator bander (young animal <1 month)
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9
Q

What does a Burdizzo emasculatome do? What happens to the scrotum and testicles as a result?

A

Crushes the cord;

Testicles atrophy and shrink; scrotum and testicles do not slough

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10
Q

Crush sites with a Burdizzo emasculatomes should be _____.

A

staggered

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11
Q

Where should lidocaine be placed before a castration?

A

Across the scrotum base where we will incise

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12
Q

Where should the incision for a castration be made?

A

Junction of the middle and distal third of the scrotum

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13
Q

What instrument is used for a horizontal castration approach?

A

Scalpel blade

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14
Q

What instrument is used for a vertical castration approach?

A

Newberry knife

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15
Q

What type of hemostasis occurs in a castration of an animal that is <150 kg?

A

Traction (pulling) –> vasospasm, vasoconstriction, hemostasis

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16
Q

What type of hemostasis occurs in a castration of an animal that is >250 kg and what instruments are involved?

A

External hemostasis;

Henderson castration tool, emasculator, suture

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17
Q

What type of suture type and pattern should be done when trying to achieve external hemostasis in a castration?

A

Absorbable;

Transfixation, encircling, Miller’s

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18
Q

What are some potential complications of castrations?

A

Swelling, surgical site infection, hemorrhage, tetanus

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19
Q

What is the indication for dehorning?

A

Reduce injuries

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20
Q

When is it better to dehorn and what should be avoided at the same time?

A

Early; <6 weeks

Avoid concurrent stress such as vaccination and weaning

21
Q

What nerve is blocked for dehorning cattle?

A

Cornual branch of zygomaticotemporal nerve

22
Q

What nerves are blocked for dehorning goats?

A

Cornual branch of zygomaticotemporal nerve

Cornual branch of infratrochlear nerve

23
Q

When should paste disbudding be done?

A

<48 hours and preceding feeding

24
Q

Why should calves not be exposed to rain for 24-48 hours after using disbudding paste?

A

Paste can run into the eyes causing ulcers

25
Q

Where should a cautery/hot iron be placed when disbudding?

A

Over the horn bud

26
Q

How should a cautery/hot iron be used to disbud?

A

Apply and rotate in a circular motion, then dislodge horn bud

27
Q

How long should the cautery/hot iron be used when disbudding calves? Male goats? Female goats?

A

Calves = 5-7 seconds

Male goats = 5 seconds, 4mm

Female goats = 3 seconds, 2mm

28
Q

What should the barned dehorner be used on and what is the risk?

A

Use on larger horns;

Can expose the cornual diverticulum of the frontal sinus

29
Q

When should a keystone dehorner be used, where should it be placed, and what is the risk?

A

Used for much larger horns;

Used at the base of the horn;

Exposes the cornual diverticulum of the frontal sinus

30
Q

What are potential complications from dehorning?

A
  1. Sinusitis
  2. Surgical site infection
  3. Hemorrhage
  4. Improperly performed –> recurrence of growth –> scur formation
31
Q

What are indications for eye enucleation in FA?

A

Neoplasia (SCC), IBK, panophthalmitis, trauma

32
Q

What two lidocaine blocks should be used for a transpalpebral enucleation?

A

Retrobulbar and four-point

33
Q

What is the general approach for a transpalpebral enuclearion?

A

Fusiform incision (ellipse), careful dissection, hemostasis

34
Q

What type of suture and pattern should be used on the SQ for a transpalpebral enucleation closure? On the skin?

A

SQ = absorbable, continuous

Skin = non-absorbable, Ford interlocking/interrupted

35
Q

What are potential complications that can arise after an enucleation?

A

Hemorrhage, infection, dehiscence, recurrence of disease, convulsions (rare)

36
Q

What are indications for a digit amputation in FA?

A
  1. Injury
  2. Septic arthritis of the distal interphalangeal joint
  3. Severe foot rot, secondary osteomyelitis
  4. Severe phalangeal fractures
37
Q

What are contraindications for a digit amputation in FA?

A

Sepsis of fetlock, involvement of both digits on the same foot

38
Q

What are benefits to toe amputations in FA? Disadvantages?

A

Benefits = Rapid recovery, economic choice

Disadvantages = Early removal from herd, lower market value

39
Q

What are the steps to prepare for a digit amputation?

A
  1. Restrain in chute or on tilt table
  2. IV regional block
40
Q

What type of block would you use for a toe amputation in FA and what are the two options of vessels where this can be administered?

A

“Bier block”

Dorsal common digial vein, abaxial palmar digital vein

41
Q

What can be used to amputate the toe, what type of cut is made, and where are you cutting?

A

Obstetric (Gigli) wire;

Angled cut;

Between proximal and distal interdigital ligaments

42
Q

What closure is done in a toe amputation?

A

None, allow to granulate in;

Place a Modified Robert-Jones bandage

43
Q

What are complications that can arise after a toe amputation?

A

Ascending infection, compensatory digit disease

44
Q

What tissues are prone to herniation in FA?

A

Omasum, abomasum, intestine

45
Q

What are the 5 types of umbilical hernias?

A
  1. Uncomplicated hernia
  2. Hernia with SQ abscess
  3. Hernia with umbilical remnant infection
  4. Umbilical abscess
  5. Urachal cyst, abscess
46
Q

What can be used to correct small umbilical hernias?

A

Hernial clamps, elastrator bands, hernia belt

47
Q

What are the 2 herniorraphy approaches?

A

open and closed

48
Q

Which herniorraphy approach enters the peritoneum?

A

open

49
Q

What are complications that can arise from a herniorraphy?

A
  1. Suture abscess/reaction
  2. Seroma
  3. Hematoma
  4. Dehiscence

Intro to Surgery (36 decks)

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