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Intro to Surgery > Lecture 16 - Equine Rehab > Flashcards

Lecture 16 - Equine Rehab Flashcards

1
Q

What is a lameness score of 0?

A

Lameness not perceptible under any circumstances

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2
Q

What is a lameness score of 1?

A

Lameness is difficult to observe and is not consistently apparent, regardless of circumstances

(e.g. under saddle, circling, inclines, hard surface, etc.)

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3
Q

What is a lameness score of 2?

A

Lameness is difficult to observe at a walk or when trotting in a straight line but consistently apparent under certain circumstances

(e.g. weight-carrying, circling, inclines, hard surface, etc.)

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4
Q

What is a lameness score of 3?

A

Lameness is consistently observable at a trot under all circumstances

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5
Q

What is a lameness score of 4?

A

Lameness is obvious at a walk

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6
Q

What is a lameness score of 5?

A

Lameness produces minimal weight bearing in motion and/or at rest or a complete inability to move.

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7
Q

What non-specialized equipment is used in equine rehab?

A
  1. Ice
  2. Hose
  3. Lead rope
  4. Saddle and tack
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8
Q

What specialized equipment is used in equine rehab?

A
  1. Laser
  2. Shockwave
  3. Muscle Stim Units
  4. Treadmill (land and water)
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9
Q

What injuries is rehab used for?

A
  1. Arthroscopy
  2. Tenoscopy
  3. Tendon/ligament injuries and surgeries
  4. Fractures
  5. Locking stifles
  6. OA
  7. Facilitated ankylosis
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10
Q

What should we ask regarding history?

A

Injury type and length of time since it occurred

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11
Q

What should we ask regarding career goals of the horse?

A

Pasture pet, brood mare, hunter/jumper, pleasure class

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12
Q

What should we look for in a PE?

A

Muscle atrophy, tenderness to palpation

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13
Q

What two things should be evaluated in a PE?

A

Lameness and neuro status

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14
Q

Why is stall rest important?

A
  1. Prevent further injury
  2. Allow time to heal
  3. Time off

(Need to keep horse occupied)

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15
Q

What types of superficial heating and cooling are used?

A
  1. Ice baths
  2. Game Ready
  3. Oat bags/heat
  4. Cold hosing
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16
Q

Cryotherapy utilizes what temps?

A

10-15 deg C

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17
Q

What does cryotherapy do in horses?

A

Produces peripheral vasoconstriction and decreased soft tissie perfusion, which can reduce edema formation and swelling at the site of tissue injury

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18
Q

Cooling helps increase _____ properties in ligaments and _____ muscle stiffness.

A

tensile, increase

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19
Q

What are indications for cryotherapy?

A
  1. Decrease soft tissue pain, swelling, inflammation
  2. Laminitis
  3. Not costly
  4. Well tolerated
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20
Q

What are contraindications for cryotherapy?

A
  1. Ice must be changed hourly
  2. Can cause injury due to motor functions being impaired up to 30 minutes
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21
Q

How often is cryotherapy done?

A

15-20 minutes every 2-3 hours for the first 48 hours

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22
Q

What is cryotherapy primarily used for?

A

laminitis

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23
Q

Heat therapy utilizes what temps?

A

40-45 deg C

24
Q

What can happen in heat therapy that is over 45 deg C?

A

Tissue damage and thermal injury

25
Q

What are indications for heat therapy?

A
  1. Increases soft tissue extensibility
  2. Decreased pain
  3. Relaxation
26
Q

What are contraindications for heat therapy?

A
  1. Acute injuries
  2. Hard to get deeper tissues
  3. Difficult to maintain uniform heating to distal limbs
27
Q

What are examples of heat therapy?

A
  1. Hot packs/compresses
  2. Circulating watm water heat wraps
  3. Warm water hosing
  4. Warm water baths
28
Q

What are types of electrical therapies?

A
  1. Therapeutic ultrasound
  2. Shockwave
  3. Low level laser therapy
29
Q

What does therapeutic ultrasound do?

A

Uses microwave energy that therapeutically heats deep tissues

30
Q

What are benefits of therapeutic ultrasound?

A
  1. Improves pain, muscle strength
  2. Reduces synovial thickness, inflammation, pain
31
Q

What are the 2 types of therapeutic ultrasound?

A

Pulse or continuous

32
Q

What effects does pulse therapeutic ultrasound have?

A

Non-thermal effects (cell metabolism and phagocytic activity of MPs)

33
Q

What effects does continuous therapeutic ultrasound have?

A

Deep thermal effects (increased blood flow, enzyme activity, collagen synthesis/extensibility, decreased pain)

34
Q

When would you choose pulsed U/S? Continuous?

A

Pulse = Acute inflammatory conditions where deep heat is contraindicated

Continuous = Chronic conditions where deep heat is beneficial

35
Q

What is shockwave?

A

Electrically or mechanically produced shock or soundwaves to provide pain relief and stimulate tissue healing.

36
Q

How does shockwave therapy work?

A

The tissue believes there have been small injuries and repairs itself

37
Q

What can external joint support such as sports taping help with? What are some disadvantages?

A

May increase proprioception, strength, ROM;

Disadvantage = bandage sores

38
Q

What is acupuncture used for?

A

Functional problems involving noninfectious inflammation, paralysis, or pain

39
Q

T/F: The AVMA lists chiropractic as a complementary and alternative treatment

A

True

40
Q

What does massage therapy reduce in horses?

A

Pain, lameness, aggression, cribbing

41
Q

What are some proprioceptive exercises?

A
  1. Lightweight bracelet
  2. Ankle weights
  3. Ground poles
42
Q

What is vibration therapy and what does it influence?

A

Low amplitude mechanical stimulation; influences proprioception

43
Q

What does a treadmill do?

A

Helps to “muscle up” after fully healed from an injury;

Horse needs to be trained

44
Q

What are benefits to using an underwater treadmill/what can be adjusted?

A
  1. Can adjust temperature
  2. Can adjust osmolarity
  3. Can adjust depth
45
Q

What temp causes vasoconstriction and analgesia in an underwater treadmill?

A

32 deg C

46
Q

What temp causes vasodilation, increased tissue perfusion, and dissipates inflammatory mediators on an underwater treadmill?

A

36 deg C

47
Q

Why might we want to adjust osmolarity in an underwater treadmill?

A

Reduces soft-tissue inflammation and swelling, decreases pain and ultimately improves joint ROM

48
Q

Water at the level of the tuber coxae produces a ___% reduction in body weight.

A

75

49
Q

Water at elbow height has a ___% reduction in weight bearing.

A

10-15

50
Q

What are advantages of swimming?

A
  1. Improves cardio function
  2. Reduces musculoskeletal injury
  3. Increases fast-twitch, high-oxidative muscle fibers
  4. Improves aerobic capacity
51
Q

What are contraindications for swimming?

A
  1. Respiratory disease
  2. Cardio compromise
  3. Unhealed surgical incisions
  4. Open wounds
  5. Upper pelvic lameness
  6. Acute joint inflammation
  7. Acute myositis
  8. Fever
  9. Fearful
52
Q

During swimming, HR should not exceed ___ bpm; HR should take less than ___ minutes to return to less than ___ bpm.

A

200, 10, 60

53
Q

What are some manual therapies that can be done?

A

hand walking, hills, rails, walking with weight of rider, walk/trot

54
Q

What does Pulsed Electromagnetic Field Therapy do and what is it used for?

A

Produces secondary electrical currents which cause muscle contractions in horses;

Used for treating nonunion fractures and to stimulate bone healing

55
Q

What do magnetic blankets do?

A

Help increase blood flow, reduce muscle soreness

Intro to Surgery (36 decks)

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