Lecture 25: Sarcopenia and Sarcopenia Obesity Flashcards
How do we decrease muscle mass loss?
By reaching peak muscle mass in early life
When is maximum strength obtained?
20 years old
What happens to maximal leg strength over time?
Linear decline
What is the difference in strength changes with ageing in strength-trained men and untrained men?
- Higher strength overall
- Slower decline and less of a decline
What are specific age-related changes in strength?
- Decrease in size and length of muscle fibres
- Loss of type 2 fibres
- Resistance to anabolic signals from exercise and protein
- Decrease angle of insertion leads to reduced force and velocity
When does fat peak?
At about 55 years old
Muscle vs. Fat over time
- Muscle declines over time from around 20
- Fat increases from around 20, peaks at 55 and then begins to decline again
Sarcopenia causes decreased…
Strength, power and muscular endurance
Decreased strength leads to…
Increased difficulty with weight-bearing tasks
Decreased power leads to…
Increased risk of falls and fractures
Decreased muscular endurance leads to…
Increased fatiguability and exercise difficulty
Ultimately, sarcopenia leads to…
Decreased PA and increase Disability
In an obesity study, Participants with sarcopenic obesity (SO) at baseline were…
2-3 times more likely to report onset of IADL disability during follow up
What is IADL?
Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL)
What is the RR risk for incident disability with sarcopenic obesity?
2.63
Higher fat and lower muscle area causes what to be worse?
Lower extremity function
- Poorer function and performance
In physical testing people who were sarcopenic obese had poorer functioning on what tests in comparison to all other groups?
- Chair stand
- Step test
- Timed up and gos (TUG)
What does the body composition of a sarcopenic body look like under a DXA scan?
Sarcopenic doesn’t have much muscle, but also doesn’t have much fat
What does the body composition of a sarcopenic-obese body look like under a DXA scan?
Sarcopenic obese doesn’t have much muscle and has a lot of fat
What does the body composition of an obese body look like under a DXA scan?
Obese has quite a lot of muscle and lots of fat
What is the EWGSOP2 Algorithm?
a diagnostic framework for identifying and diagnosing sarcopenia
What is SARC-F?
Screening tool for sarcopenia
What is ASM?
Appendicular Skeletal Muscle Mass
How is sarcopenia measured?
Percent body fat / ASM
