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HUNT243 Exam > Lecture 16: Child Nutrition Part 2 > Flashcards

Lecture 16: Child Nutrition Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Do school aged children need snacks?

A

Contribute significantly to daily intake and are needed to meet nutritional requirements
- However children don’t know which snacks are suitable, this is where adults need to help

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2
Q

What is a big influencing factor for school age children’s cognitive development?

A

Environment/Media
- TV
- Advertising

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3
Q

Does body image and excessive dieting effect the cognitive development of school age children?

A

Yes, can develop from a young age, there are complex and numerous contributing
- Parents having concerns over their own body weight will affect their children’s perception of food and body

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4
Q

What influences school aged children’s eating behaviours?

A
  • Preferences of parents!!
  • Being involved in food preparation
  • Eating as a family
  • Peer influences (lunchboxes at school)
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5
Q

What are the two biggest family influences of eating behaviours in children?

A
  • Parental food habits
  • Feeding stratagies
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6
Q

What are parental food habits?

A
  • Food availability (nutritious or non nutritious?)
  • Family meals
  • Portion size
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7
Q

What are feeding stratagies that affect children? (3)

A
  • Pressure to eat
  • Division of responsibility
  • Positive food talk
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8
Q

What does pressure to eat result in?

A

Higher food avoidance and lower consumption of core foods

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9
Q

What external factors affect dietary choices of children? (5)

A
  • Family income
  • Education
  • Housing
  • Culture
  • Food marketing
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10
Q

Are food marketing codes and laws mandatory?

A

No! There are codes and laws but these are VOLUNTARY
- There are essentially no restrictions to promote poor marketing on children
E.g. colourful, bright marketing that children are attracted to, adding to their desire to less healthy food

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11
Q

What persuasive techniques influence kids?

A
  • Food attitudes
  • Choices
  • Consumption
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12
Q

What is the advertising standards authority?

A

Industry-funded body that develops voluntary codes of practice and hears complaints

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13
Q

There are strong links between food marketing and…

A

Childhood obesity

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14
Q

In an Auckland study what was found regarding convenience store marketing?

A

Areas surrounding low decile schools had twice as many advertisements than areas around medium decile schools

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15
Q

In an Auckland study what percent of advertisements were classified as ‘marketing to children’?

A

78.2%

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16
Q

In an Auckland study, what percent of advertisements were for unhealthy food and beverages?

A

50.5%

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17
Q

Current government policies are not adequate to protect children from…

A

Relentless advertising of unhealthy food and drink

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18
Q

For every dollar the WHO spends on NCD prevention…

A

The food industry spends about $500 promoting processed food

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19
Q

How can the food industry help reduce childhood obesity?

A
  • Reduce fat, sugar and salt content of processed foods
  • Ensure that nutritious choices are available and affordable to all consumers
  • Practice responsible marketing
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20
Q

What is the recommendation for sugar sweetened beverages?

A

Consume less than once per week in small quantities with food rather than between meals

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21
Q

What are the recommended fluids?

A

Water and milk
- Fruit juice is generally not needed to meet fluid needs
- Sports drinks are not necessary for children and young people

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22
Q

What is the WHO recommendation for free and added sugars?

A

less than 10% of energy to come from free or added sugars

23
Q

What is the average g per serve of sugar in fruit juice?

A

25g

24
Q

What is the average g per serve of sugar in fizzy drink?

A

39g

25
Q

Good oral health has become a…

A

Luxury
- Access to dental health is declining and not equitable

26
Q

What is a top-communicable disease in NZ children?

A

Dental caries

27
Q

What is the prevalence of dental caries in NZ children by age 5?

A
  • 1 out of 3 non-maori/non pacific
  • 3 out of 5 Maori
  • 7 out of 10 Pacific
28
Q

What are the consequences of oral health that affect daily lives?

A
  • Pain
  • Difficulty
  • Eating
  • Sleeping
  • School absence
29
Q

What are the common nutritional aspects of child poverty? (3)

A
  • Less access to healthy food and educational resources
  • Poorer housing
  • Fewer opportunities for structured physical activity
30
Q

What is maternal hardship?

A

whether people can afford what most people would consider essential

31
Q

What does the percentage of children living in households in material hardship look like over time?

A

There is a decline happening

32
Q

What percent of NZ children are living in poverty?

A

14.8%
- 13th in the world

33
Q

What is household food insecurity?

A

Inadequate access to food due to a lack of money

34
Q

What is food security?

A

Access by all people at all times to enough food for an active and healthy life and includes:
- Availability of nutritionally adequate and safe foods
- Ability to acquire foods in socially acceptable ways

35
Q

Who is at risk of poverty/food insecurity?

A
  • Deprived neighbourhoods
  • Lower gross income
  • Living in rentals
  • Maori and Pacific
  • Solo parents
  • Two or more other children in the household
36
Q

What do energy needs depend on?

A

Growth and activity levels
- Wide variation

37
Q

What are good indications that children are meeting their energy needs?

A

By monitoring linear growth and BMI

38
Q

What is iron essential for?

A
  • Transportation and storage of oxygen
  • Support healthy growth and brain development
39
Q

What is the highest RDI for iron in children?

A

Girls 14-18 years = 15mg/d

40
Q

Iron deficiency negatively effects…

A

Behaviour and intellectual performance

41
Q

What is iron supply influenced by?

A

The amount and type of iron in food, enhancers and inhibitors of iron bioavailability

42
Q

What is calcium essential for?

A
  • Growth and maintenance of strong bones
  • Healthy nerve and muscle function
  • Blood clotting
43
Q

What is the RDI for calcium?

A

9-11y = 1000mg/d
12-18y = 13000mg/d

44
Q

Ideally children accumulate stores of nutrients prior to…

A

Adolescence

45
Q

The denser the bones in childhood…

A

The better prepared they will be to support the teenage growth spurt

46
Q

What are the 3 food recommendations in NZ guidelines?

A
  1. Eat a variety of foods from the four food groups
  2. Eat enough for activity, growth and to maintain a healthy body size
  3. Choose foods that are:
    - Low in fat (esp. SF)
    - Low in sugar (esp. added sugar)
    - Low in salt (use iodised)
47
Q

What are the 2 drink recommendations in NZ?

A
  1. Drink plenty of water, include reduced or low fat milk everyday
  2. Alcohol is not recommended for children or young people
48
Q

What are the 3 environmental recommendations in NZ?

A
  1. Eat meals with family
  2. Encourage children to be involved in shopping, growing and cooking
  3. Ensure food safety
49
Q

What is the 9th NZ food and nutrition guideline?

A

Be physically active
- Also less than 2 hours of screen time per day

50
Q

How many serves of vegetables do children need?

A

2-3yr = 2.5 serves
4-8yr = 4.5 serves
9-11yr = 5 serves
12-13yr = 5 serves G, 5.5 serves B

51
Q

How many serves of fruit do children need?

A

2-3yr = 1 serve
4-8yr = 1.5 serve
9-11yr = 2 serves
12-13yr = 2 serves

52
Q

How many serves of bread do children need?

A

2-3yr = 4 serves
4-8yr = 4 serves
9-11yr = 4 serves G, 5 serves B
12-13yr = 5 serves G, 6 serves B

53
Q

How many serves of milk products do children need?

A

2-3yr = 1.5 serves
4-8yr = 1.5 serves G, 2 serves B
9-11yr = 3 serves G, 2.5 serves B
12-13yr = 3.5 serves

54
Q

How many serves of protein do children need?

A

2-3yr = 1 serve
4-8yr = 1.5 serves
9-11yr = 2.5 serves
12-13yr = 2.5 serves

HUNT243 Exam (19 decks)

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