CVD Risk Assessment

Question 1

What do these guidelines reinforce the shift away from?

Answer 1

managing single risk factors
(e.g lipid or blood pressure), and rather focus on treating an individual according to their estimated 5 year CVD risk

Question 2

What is estimated 5 year CVD derived from?

Answer 2

CVD risk predictions equations

Question 3

Who should be assessed for CVD risk?

Answer 3

• Men 45 y and older
• Women 55 y and older

Question 4

Having a first degree relative with what diseases increases CVD risk?

Answer 4

• Diabetes
• Heart attack prior to 50 y
• Familial hypercholesterolemia

Question 5

If there is a first degree relative with diabetes, heart attack <50 or familial hypercholesterolemia, when should CVD risk assessment be initiated?

Answer 5

10 years earlier

Question 6

What lifestyle factors increase risk of CVD?

Answer 6

• Smoking
• Having a history of
  gestational diabetes
• Having pre-diabetes
• Having a BMI >30
• Having atrial fibrillation

Question 7

If individuals have a high risk lifestyle factor for CVD, when should CVD risk assessment be initiated?

Answer 7

10 years earlier

Question 8

The CVD risk equations have
not been developed
to calculate risk in
people who:

Answer 8

• Have pre-existing CVD
• Have chronic heart failure, familial hypercholesterolemia, chronic kidney disease or diabetes with overt renal disease
• People over 75 years of age

Question 9

When should CVD risk assessment be initiated in people with severe mental illness?

Answer 9

at 25 y of age

Question 10

There are seperate equations for…

Answer 10

Men and women and people with diabetes

Question 11

What are the recommended interventions for established CVD?

Answer 11

Lifestyle = Give lifestyle advice
Drug therapy = Use pharmacotherapy + anti-platelet therapy
Follow up = Annually

Question 12

What are the recommended interventions for >15 percent CVD risk?

Answer 12

Lifestyle = Give lifestyle advice
Drug therapy = Use statins + BP lowering
Follow up = Annually + repeat risk assessment

Question 13

What are the recommended interventions for 5-15 percent CVD risk?

Answer 13

Lifestyle = Give lifestyle advice
Drug therapy = Maybe
Follow up = 2-5 years

Question 14

What are the recommended interventions for <5 percent CVD risk?

Answer 14

Lifestyle = Give lifestyle advice
Drug therapy = No
Follow up = 5-10 years

Question 15

What is the general life advice for lowering CVD risk?

Answer 15

• Diet
• Weight management
• PA
• Smoking cessation