Lecture 25- Lipid Disorders Flashcards
How do lipid disorders come to the doctors attention?
After a cardiovascular event - myocardial ifarction and stroke
Physical signs of a lipid disorder
Patient has acute pancreatitis - may be caused by high triglycerides
Blood looks abnormal
Patient chosen for testing
Patients with a family history
How do you predict cardiovascular risk in patients with lipids disorder?
using the QRISK calcutor
Outline some shortcomings of existing cardiovascular systems
Only applicable to primary prevention Approximate risk only Not all risk factors are included Risk is generally very low in young people Risk is always high in older people
When should familial hypocholesterolaemia should be suspected?
High cholesterol
Family history
Explain how to test for familial hypocholesterolaemia
Clinical assessment
Lipid profile
Genetic testing
Describe cascade screening
mechanism for identifying people at risk for a genetic condition by a process of systematic family tracing.
Describe dysbetalipoproteinaemia clinical features
Raised cholesterol and triglycerides
Cutaneous lipid deposition
Premature cardiovascular disease
Describe the mechanism of action of lipid lowering therapies
Lowering LDL-cholesterol is the main aim
Sometimes lowering of triglycerides is important
Lifestyle changes can help
Drugs are often required
What drugs are used to lower cholesterol
Statins
fibrates
PCSK9-inhibitors
Ezetimbe
Describe some common adverse affects from the drug PCSK9-inhibitors
Nasopharyngitis
Back pain
Flu-like symptoms
Describe some common adverse affects from the drug ezetimbe
GI disturbance
Headache
Fatigue
Myalgia
Adverse affects of statins
Muscle problems
Liver disease
Diabetes
Memory loss
Adverse of fibrates
Myositis GI disturbance Cholestasis Headache Dizziness Weight gain
