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PODT- Genetics and Cell Biology > 5-Mitosis, meiosis and chromosome abnormalities > Flashcards

5-Mitosis, meiosis and chromosome abnormalities Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the main features of a chromosome?

A

Sister chromatids
Centromere
Euchromatin
Heterochromatin

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2
Q

How many pairs of chromosomes do we have and what are they made up of?

A

23 pairs
Made up of 44 autosomes and 2 sex chromosomes
46 chromosomes in total

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3
Q

What is a chromosomal abnormality?

A

Change in Chromosome number structure or something that happens during meiosis

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4
Q

What is the role of telomeres?

A

Help prevent damage

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5
Q

What are nucleosomes?

A

DNA wrapped around eight histone proteins

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6
Q

What is chromatin?

A

Network of DNA and proteins that make up chromsomes during interphase

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7
Q

What is heterochromatin?

A

Highly condensed and genetically inactive- mainly at centromeres

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8
Q

What is euchromatin?

A

Lighter staining relatively open structure where genes may be accessed and are active. Includes protein coding genes

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9
Q

What is a telomere?

A

Cap at the end of chromosome

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10
Q

What is a centromere?

A

1/ chr. Position on chr where 2 sister chromatids are joined

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11
Q

What is the p arm of a chromosome?

A

Short arm of the chromosome

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12
Q

What is the q arm of a chromosome?

A

Long arm of the chromosome

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13
Q

What is an autosome?

A

Any chromosome that is not a sex chromsome

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14
Q

How are chromosomes classified?

A

Based on the position of the centromere
Size
Banding pattern

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15
Q

What is mitosis?

A

The process of somatic cell division

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16
Q

What is meiosis?

A

Generates haploid gametes-4 daughter cells

17
Q

What happens at fertilisation?

A

Combines two haploid gametes to give a diploid zygote

18
Q

How is diversity brought about during meiosis?

A

Crossing over- recombination

19
Q

What is mitosis used for?

A

Growth and repair

20
Q

What is meiosis used for?

A

Sexual reproduction

21
Q

Where does mitosis occur?

A

Somatic cells

22
Q

Where does meiosis occur?

A

Germline cells

23
Q

What is meant by the term ploidy?

A

Wrong number of complete chromosome sets

24
Q

What is meant by the term aneuploidy?

A

Specific additional or missing chromsomes

25
Q

What is meant by reciprocal translocations?

A

2 Chromosomes swap non-homologous regions

26
Q

What is meant by matrilineal?

A

inherited primarily from the mother

27
Q

What is meant by heteroplasmy?

A

Mix of mutant vs wild type

PODT- Genetics and Cell Biology (29 decks)

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