Lecture 1 - The Cell

Question 1

Describe the features of eukaryotes

Answer 1

have discrete organelles 
Nucleus - membrane bound structure containing DNA
Mitchondria- the power house 
Golgi Apparatus 
ER 
Lysosomes

Question 2

Describe the features of prokaryotes

Answer 2

2 groups/domains 
no organelles 
no nucleus 
DNA with a circular genome
most diverse kind of cells

Question 3

Describe the concept of cellular homeostasis

Answer 3

respond to extenal signals and events
alter their properties in order too maintain steady states
this is due to key things (temp, pH etc) have to be kept in narrow tolerances

Question 4

Symptoms of MDDS

Answer 4

profound weakness, encephalopathy seizures , liver failures

Question 5

Four humours of hippocratic medicine

Answer 5

Phlegm, blood, yellow bile and black bile

Question 6

Three stages of the central dogma of molecular biology

Answer 6

DNA -> RNA -> Protein

Question 7

What direction does DNA go?

Answer 7

5->3

Question 8

Why is DNA more stable than RNA

Answer 8

DNA is a double helix and does not have exposed bases

Question 9

What is the plasma membrane and what is its role?

Answer 9

Selective, semi-permeable barrier that maintains the correct conc of key molecules inside the cell

Question 10

Examples of organelles with single membranes

Answer 10

ER, Golgi, Lysosomes, Peroxisomes

Question 11

Examples of organelles with double membranes

Answer 11

nucleus, mitochondria

Question 12

Body temperature

Answer 12

37.4

Question 13

Define homeostasis

Answer 13

the property of a system, especially a living organism, to regulate its internal enviroment so as to maintain a stable, constant condition

Question 14

What is altruism?

Answer 14

infected or unhealthy cells commit suicide

Question 15

What is apoptosis?

Answer 15

programmed cell death necessary in multicellular animals