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PODT- Genetics and Cell Biology > Lecture 2- The Cell > Flashcards

Lecture 2- The Cell Flashcards

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1
Q

What are histones?

A

Protein that is used as “spools” to allow efficient packaging of chromosones and DNA

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2
Q

How many bonds between Adenine and Thymine?

A

2

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3
Q

How many bonds between Cytosine and guanine?

A

3

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4
Q

Difference in ionic and covalent bonding

A

ionic - exchange of electrons (metal and non- metal)

covalent- sharig of electrons (two non-metals)

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5
Q

Why is there no rotation in C=C bonds?

A

No rotation as bonds are shorter and rigid. The atoms are on the same plane and therefore have no rotation.

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6
Q

What is meat by hydrophilic?

A

Water loving

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7
Q

What is meat by hydrophobic?

A

Water hating - repels water

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8
Q

What is a polymer?

A

collection of smaller molecules put together

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9
Q

what are homopolymers?

A

polymers made from many copies of the same molecule

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10
Q

What are heteropolymers?

A

Polymers created from different assemblies of different building blocks

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11
Q

What is a polymer of sugar?

A

Polysaccharide

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12
Q

What is a polymer of carbon?

A

Fat/lipid

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13
Q

What is a polymer of nucleotide bases in specific sequences?

A

nucleic acids

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14
Q

What is the name given to a polymer with 20 different amino acid in a specific sequence?

A

Protein

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15
Q

What is the simplest sugar?

A

Monosaccharides

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16
Q

Give 3 examples of monosaccharides?

A

Glucose, manose, galactose

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17
Q

What is the bond within complex sugars?

A

Gylcosidic

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18
Q

What makes up sucrose?

A

Glucose and Fructose

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19
Q

What makes up maltose?

A

Glucose x2

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20
Q

What makes up galactose?

A

Glucose and galactose

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21
Q

A short chain of large linear and branched molecules made from repeating units is know as?

A

Oligosaccharides

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22
Q

A large chain of large linear and branched molecules made from repeating units is know as?

A

Polysaccharides

23
Q

What is gylocen?

A

A polysaccharide in the storage form of glucose (stable)

24
Q

What does insulin do?

A

Converts blood glucose to glycogen

25
Q

What happens when you are starving?

A

Glycogen is converted to blood glucose

26
Q

What is the function of glycoproteins?

A
  1. Prevents blood cells sticking together
  2. Cell communication
  3. Cellular identity?
27
Q

What does amphipathic mean?

A

Contains both hydrophillic and hydrophobic regions?

28
Q

What does the tightness of the packing of the membrane correspond to?

A

The fluidity

29
Q

How many base pairs in the human genome?

A

3 billion

30
Q

Code for aspartic acid

A

Asp D

31
Q

Code for glutamic acid

A

Glu E

32
Q

Code for arginine

A

Arg R

33
Q

Code for Lysine

A

Lys K

34
Q

Code for histdine

A

His h

35
Q

Code for Asparagine

A

Asn n

36
Q

Code for serine

A

Ser s

37
Q

Code for threonine

A

Thr T

38
Q

Code for Tyrosine

A

Tyr Y

39
Q

Code for alanine

A

Ala A

40
Q

Code for glycine

A

Gly G

41
Q

Code for valine

A

Val V

42
Q

Code for Leucine

A

LeuL

43
Q

Code for isoleucine

A

Ile I

44
Q

Code for Proline

A

Pro P

45
Q

Code for Phenylalanine

A

Phe F

46
Q

Code for methionine

A

Met M

47
Q

Code for tryptophan

A

Trp W

48
Q

Code for Cysteine

A

Cys C

49
Q

What is a Zwitterion?

A

A compound with no overall charge, but which contains separate parts which are positively and negatively charged.

50
Q

Structure of Protein

A

Primary (Amino acid sequence-covalent bonds)
Secondary (a-helix, b-sheet-H-bonds)
Tertiary (3D structure of the protein-hydrophobic bonds)
Quaternary (multi-protein complex)

51
Q

Examples of protein folding gone wrong?

A

CF and Alzheimers disease

52
Q

What is CF

A

Mutations in the Cl ion channel causing misfolding of the channel that prevents the correct Cl- transport

53
Q

What causes Alzhiemers disease?

A

Misfolding and aggregation of a protein called beta -amyloid

PODT- Genetics and Cell Biology (29 decks)

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