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Biology 108 > Lecture 25 > Flashcards

Lecture 25 Flashcards

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1
Q

order primates

A

within euarchontoglires, lorises, lemurs, monkeys, apes (including humans)

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2
Q

4 primate characteristics

A
  1. thumb and toe widely separated from other digits to allow grasping
  2. flat nails (rather than narrow claws) on at least some digits
  3. forward-facing eyes (stereoscopic vision allowing depth perception – important for treedwelling animals)
  4. pentadactyl appendages (plesiomorphic)
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3
Q

anthropoids

A

diurnal, includes monkeys and apes

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4
Q

lemurs

A

ancestors arrived in madagascar, rafting on mats of vegetation from mainland africa

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5
Q

monkeys

A

new world and old world (paraphyletic, share common ancestor with apes)

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6
Q

new world monkeys

A

arboreal (live in trees)

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7
Q

old world monkeys

A

both arboreal and mostly terrestrial

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8
Q

apes

A

non-monkey anthropoids

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9
Q

Hominidae

A

the great apes, non-gibbon apes

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10
Q

hominidae 4 groups

A
  1. homo (humans)
  2. pongo (orangutans)
  3. pan (chimpanzees and bonobos)
  4. gorilla (gorillas)
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11
Q

chimpanzees and bonobos (pan)

A

closest living relatives to Homo, differ in 19 regulatory genes

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12
Q

human characteristics

A
  1. bipedalism (changes in pelvic structure make humans efficient walkers)
  2. flexible opposable thumb (delicate manipulation rather than power grip)
  3. large brain
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13
Q

Homo sapiens

A

only extant species of Homo

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14
Q

origin of bipedalism

A

earliest evidence footprint trails 3.5 MYA, pelvic structure of Ardipithecus ramidus suggests upright walking

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15
Q

origin of Homo

A
  1. earliest evidence in Africa 2.5 MYA
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16
Q

Homo habilis

A

made stone tools

17
Q

Homo ergaster

A

smaller teeth, may have cooked food

18
Q

Homo erectus

A

colonized Asia

19
Q

Homo neanderthalensis

A

Neanderthals, some hybridization with modern humans

20
Q

human diversity

A

remarkable degree of morphological diversity, idea of clear-cut races outmoded, science of anthropology

Biology 108 (26 decks)

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