Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Psychopharmacology > Lecture 24: Geriatric Psychopharmacology > Flashcards

Lecture 24: Geriatric Psychopharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

what 3 things might a cure for alzheimer’s entail?

A
  1. terminate degeneration
  2. create new neurons
  3. enable correct rewiring
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what age group is increasing the fastest?

A

the oldest old

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

since 1900, the % of Americans 65+ has ___, from _% to _%

A

tripled; 4.1 to 12.4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

older adults make up _% of US population

A

13%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

older adults account for _% of psychotropic prescriptions

A

25%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

the average older adult takes __ medications daily and receives __ prescriptions per year

A

4.5, 13

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

older adults who are medically ill may be taking __ meds per day

A

9-10%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

adverse drug reactions account for _% of all hospitalizations

A

10-30%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

elimination half life might be __ as long

A

2x

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

sedative hypnotics, especially the long half life BZs, can be ___, causing what effects?

A

dementing

1. marked and prolonged loss of ability to form new memories

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

the motto

A

start low and go slow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

% rate of inappropriate prescription use

A

20-40%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

in patients taking 8+ meds, the incidence of inappropriate drug use is over _%

A

60%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

most common inappropriate prescription

A

long lasting BZs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

second most common inappropriate prescriptions

A

anticholinergic drugs (TCAs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

third most common inappropriate prescriptions (3)

A
  1. antihistamines
  2. skeletal muscle relaxants
  3. opioid narcotics
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

conclusion of inappropriate drug use

A

avoid drugs that cause cog inhibition, unwanted sedation, or bizarre behaviors/drug-induced delirium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

standard medications for behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD)

A

atypical antipsychotic meds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

BPSD symptoms (7)

A
  1. agitation
  2. aggression
  3. physical resistance/noncompliance
  4. psychosis
  5. depressive symptoms
  6. inappropriate sexual behavior
  7. sleep disturbances
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what specific drug may be helpful for patients with BPSD?

A

abilify

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

only _% of seniors with depression see a mental health specialist each year

A

8%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

adults 65+ account for _% of all suicides in the US

A

20%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what age group has the highest suicide completion?

A

adults 65+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

2nd most common degenerative disease after AD

A

parkinson’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
PD occurs in _% of people 65-69 years old
1%
26
possible cause of PD
deficiency in number and function of DA-secreting neurons in SN
27
5 PD symptoms
1. bradykinesia 2. muscle rigidity 3. resting tremor 4. impaired postural balance 5. mask like face
28
clinical symptos of PD occur when about __% of DA neurons are lost
80%
29
four pharmacological approaches for PD
1. DA replacement therapy 2. dopa and DA breakdown inhibitors 3. DA receptor agonists 4. levodopa (L-dopa) precursor
30
why can't you simply supply DA to the brain?
does not cross BBB easily
31
enzyme that turns dopa into dopamine
dopa decarboxylase
32
problem with administering L-dopa
most of dopa is converted into nausea in body not brain, resulting in nausea and loss of brain precursor
33
what does carbidopa do?
inhibits peripheral dopa decarboxylase without affecting enzyme in brain
34
name of carbidopa available in combination with dopa
sinemet
35
what does COMT do?
in GI tract and liver: converts dopa to inactive metabolite
36
the half life and clinical effect of sinemet can be increased by adding what drug?
entacapone
37
what does entacapone do?
inhibits COMT in the periphery but not in CNS
38
COMT
catechol-o-methyltransferase
39
combination of L-Dopa, carbidopa, and entacapone
Stalevo
40
two types of MAO
MAO-A and MAO-B
41
selegiline MoA
selectively and irreversibly inhibits MAO-B
42
difference between MAO-A and MAO-B
MAO-B is more selective for DA; increases bioavailability of DA that remains
43
3 benefitsof selective MAO-B inhibitors
1. decreases dose of levodopa/carbidopa needed to control symptoms 2. stops effects of levodopa/carbidopa from wearing off between doses 3. increases length of time that l/c will continue to control symptoms
44
how long after starting levodopa theory do patients become less responsive?
1-5 yrs
45
two drugs that stimulate postsynaptic DA receptors directly
paramipexole and ropinirole
46
most common neurodegenerative disease
AD
47
cause of alzheimer's
irreversible loss of cholinergic neurons that innervate cortex and hippocampus
48
about __ american baby boomers will develop AD
10 million
49
time between AD onset and death
8-10 years
50
two definitive diagnostic markers in autopsy
1. deposits of protein plaques | 2. deposit of neurofibrillatory tangles (abnormal microtubules)
51
MoA of most AD drugs
aim to restore cholinergic function; choinesterase inhibition
52
two common AChE-I drugs
aricept (donepizil) | razadyne (galantamine)
53
memantine MoA
moderate affinity, non competitive NMDAR antagonist; can reduce clinical deterioration in AD
54
at high doses, memantine can cause ___
amnestic effects
55
3 non prescriptions considerations for AD
1. vitamin E 2. NSAIDs 3. omega 3 fatty acids
56
__% of AD occurs in patients over 65 years
15-20%
57
__% of AD occurs in patients over 80 years
45%
58
genetic variant for AD
ApoE4
59
huntington's disease
rare degenerative disorder, caused by mutation in huntington gene (number of CAG/cytosine-adenine-guanine repeats in huntington gene)
60
when does huntington's become noticeable?
35-44
61
treatment for huntington's
tetrabenazine, decreases monoamine function
62
tetrabenazine positive effect
decreases excessive movements (chorea)
63
drug other than tetrabenazine that can be helpful for huntington's
SSRIs
64
lou gehrig's disease
degeneration of upper and lower motor neurons leading to motor symptoms; amyotropic lateral sclerosis
65
lou gehrig's disease leads to death due to __ within __ years of diagnosis
respiratory failure | 5 years
66
3 risk factors for lou gehrig's
1. insecticides 2. smoking 3. service in military
67
FDA approved drug for lou gehrigs
rilutek, increases survival time by 2-3 months
68
multiple sclerosis
chronic autoimmune attack on myelin in brain, spinal cord, and optic nerve
69
two drugs used for MS
1. interferon beta; suppresses T-cell function | 2. corticosteroids, prevent relapse

Psychopharmacology (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions