Chapter 1: Overview of Synaptic Transmission Flashcards
cytoplasm
jelly-like substance that fills the space inside the cell
endoplasmic reticulum
intracellular system of folded membranes which are either smooth (no ribosomes) or rough (ribosomes)
ribosome
molecules that translate genetic code into proteins
mitochondria
inner cellular area where aerobic (oxygen-consuming) energy is released
Golgi complex
modifies and packages proteins that are made in ER before they are sent to ultimate destination in cell
neurotransmitters
molecules released by neurons, which alter the activity of other cells
two types of cells in CNS
- neurons
2. glia
ratio of glia to neurons in CNS
1:1
neurogenesis
the process by which new neurons form every day
3 parts of a synapse
- presynaptic membrane (axon terminal) of 1st neuron
- postsynaptic membrane of receiving neuron (dendrite, soma, or axon terminal)
- synaptic cleft
2 roles of vesicles
- storage
2. protecting NTs from metabolic enzymes
exocytosis
triggered by Ca2+; release of transmitter molecules into synaptic cleft
what ion triggers the release of NTs? what triggers the release of the ion?
Ca2+; action potential reaching presynaptic terminal
what happens when NTs bind to a postsynaptic receptor?
opens/closes channels; EPSPs or IPSPs (excitatory/inhibitory postsynaptic potential)
4 steps of synaptic transmission
- release
- diffusion
- receptor attachment
- activation
