Lecture 1: Gross Neuroanatomy

Question 1

four lobes of cerebrum

Answer 1

1. parietal
2. occipital
3. temporal
4. frontal

Question 2

gyrus

Answer 2

bump in brain

Question 3

sulcus

Answer 3

groove in brain

Question 4

fissure

Answer 4

deep groove in brain

Question 5

possible fifth lobe

Answer 5

insular cortex

Question 6

location of frontal lobe

Answer 6

anterior to central sulcus, dorsal to lateral fissure

Question 7

anterior vs. posterior

Answer 7

in front vs. to the back

Question 8

medial vs. lateral

Answer 8

split down the middle: lateral is sides, medial is close to the center

Question 9

frontal lobe: 4 associations

Answer 9

1. reasoning
2. motor skills
3. higher level cognition
4. expressive language

Question 10

location of the motor cortex

Answer 10

posterior of frontal lobe near central sulcus

Question 11

4 effects of damage to frontal lobes

Answer 11

1. changes in sexual habits
2. socialization
3. attention
4. self control

Question 12

location of parietal lobe

Answer 12

posterior to central sulcus, dorsal to Sylvian (lateral) fissure

Question 13

main involvement of parietal lobe

Answer 13

somato-sensory information processing; “where pathway”

Question 14

dorsal vs. ventral

Answer 14

dorsal: top (superior)
ventral: bottom (inferior)

Question 15

location of temporal lobe

Answer 15

inferior/ventral to lateral fissure

Question 16

3 components of temporal lobe

Answer 16

1. primary auditory cortex
2. hippocampus
3. amygdala

Question 17

nickname for temporal lobe

Answer 17

“what pathway”

Question 18

location of occipital lobe

Answer 18

cortex at back of brain, beneath occipital bone of skull

Question 19

function of occipital lobe

Answer 19

where cortical visual processing begins

Question 20

4 parts of CNS

Answer 20

1. forebrain
2. midbrain
3. hindbrain
4. spinal cord

Question 21

two parts of forebrain

Answer 21

1. telencephalon

2. diencephalon

Question 22

other name for midbrain

Answer 22

mesencephalon

Question 23

two parts of hindbrain

Answer 23

1. metencephalon
2. myelencephalon
   brainstem + cerebellum

Question 24

three primary divisions of brain

Answer 24

1. forebrain (prosencephalon - telencephalon + diencephalon)
2. midbrain (mesencephalon - tectum + tegmentum)
3. hindbrain (rhombencephalon - metencephalon + myelencephalon)

Question 25

five major sections of brain

Answer 25

1. telencephalon
2. diencephalon
3. mesencephalon
4. metencephalon
5. myelencephalon

Question 26

3 parts of telencephalon

Answer 26

1. cerebral cortex
2. limbic system
3. basal ganglia

Question 27

2 parts of diencephalon

Answer 27

1. thalamus

2. hypothalamus

Question 28

2 parts of metencephalon

Answer 28

1. pons

2. cerebellum

Question 29

1 part of myelencephalon

Answer 29

medulla

Question 30

3 parts of brainstem

Answer 30

1. midbrain
2. pons
3. medulla
   connects spinal cord to forebrain and cerebellum

Question 31

chronic high alcohol use can cause…

Answer 31

cerebellar damage and irreversible ataxia

Question 32

the ___ is estimated to contain more synapses than the rest of the brain

Answer 32

cerebellum

Question 33

CSF is produced where?

Answer 33

choroid plexus in lateral, third, and fourth ventricles

Question 34

CSF flows from the lateral ventricle to the third through the ___

Answer 34

interventricular foramen (foramen of Monro)

Question 35

the third and fourth ventricle are connected by the ___-

Answer 35

cerebral aqueduct (aqueduct of sylvius)

Question 36

two sources of DA in the midbrain

Answer 36

1. VTA

2. substantia nigra

Question 37

reticular formation

Answer 37

complex network of neurons and axons located throughout brainstem; regulates consciousness, sleep, wakefulness

Question 38

which four structures form the walls of the 3rd ventricle?

Answer 38

diencephalon:

1. thalamus
2. hypothalamus
3. subthalamus
4. pituitary gland

Question 39

the basal ganglia is an essential part of the ___

Answer 39

extrapyramidal motor system

Question 40

3 parts of basal ganglia

Answer 40

1. caudate
2. putamen
3. globus pallidus