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Cell Physiology > Lecture 24 > Flashcards

Lecture 24 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the extracellular fluid?

A

protein-free plasma

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2
Q

What is the fluid entering the proximal tubule?

A

dilute urine

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3
Q

How much fluid is filtered at the renal corpuscle per day?

A

180 L

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4
Q

What are podocytes?

A

epithelium around the glomerular capillaries

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5
Q

What are in between eh foot processes of the podocytes? What is its function?

A

filtration slits = allows filtrate to pass through

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6
Q

What is the mechanism of filtrate movement from afferent arterioles into the lumen of the nephron?

A

passive | due to high pressure in the afferent arteriole

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7
Q

What does protein in the urine indicate?

A

issue with the kidney

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8
Q

What is the ENaC?

A

epithelial sodium channel/carrier | takes up sodium from lumen and into ECM

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9
Q

What is the SGLT?

A

sodium glucose transporter | glucose and sodium from lumen into ECM

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10
Q

What is GLUT?

A

passive glucose transporter | glucose into ECM

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11
Q

What is the NaDC?

A

sodium dicarboxylate cotransport

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12
Q

Where does the body want the organic anions and the aKG?

A

trade the organic anions for the aKG = excrete organic anions

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13
Q

What is the endpoint of the organic anions and aKG transport across the nephron lumen?

A

excrete organic anions into lumen

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14
Q

Which side has a high concentration of aKG and organic anions to begin with?

A

tubule lumen = high aKG | ECM = high organic anions

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15
Q

What is reabsorbed by the time fluid reaches the end of the nephron?

A

glucose, amino acids, water, ions, and useful emtabolites

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16
Q

What is renal clearance?

A

rate at which the solute disappears from the body by excretion or metabolism

17
Q

What molecule has a 100% renal clearance?

A

inulin

18
Q

What molecule has a 0% renal clearance?

A

glucose

19
Q

What does the presence of glucose in urine indicate?

A

an issue

20
Q

What is microurition?

A

urinate

21
Q

What happens to smooth muscle when the bladder is empty?

A

smooth muscle not stretched = bladder continues to be filled

22
Q

What happens to the smooth muscles when the bladder is getting full?

A

stretch receptors on smooth muscle bladder cells = send signal to CNS = contract bladder muscle = relax sphincter = pee

23
Q

What part of the CNS controls urination?

A

spinal cord

24
Q

What is reabsorbed in the descending limb? What kind of transport mechanism is used?

A

only water | passive transport

25
Q

What is reabsorbed in the ascending limb? What kind of transport mechanism is used?

A

only solutes | active transport

26
Q

What is the counter-current mechanism (multiplication)?

A

movement of filtrate in two opposite directions

27
Q

What does the counter-current mechanism establish?

A

different concentration gradients within the medulla

28
Q

What does the counter-current mechanism dictate?

A

how concentrated the urine will be when it is excreted out of the kidney

29
Q

What happens if there is improper excretion of waste from the body? What can it cause?

A

build-up of uric acid = causes gout

30
Q

What is an anti-diuretic?

A

body not allowed to excrete water

31
Q

What is the effect of anti-diuretic hormones on the collecting duct epithelium?

A

more permeable to water

32
Q

What happens when vasopressin binds to the receptor on the epithelial cells of the collecting duct?

A

second messenger system = insert more water channels on the apical membrane of epithelial cell

33
Q

Which aquaporin (1 or 2) is dependent on vasopressin?

A

aquaporin-2

34
Q

Which aquaporin is not controlled by vasopressin (1 or 2)?

A

aquaporin-1

35
Q

What are the 3 stimuli that control the secretion of vasopressin?

A

plasma osmolarity | blood volume | BP

36
Q

What is the function of osmoreceptors?

A

detects changes in water levels in the blood (not enough water = increase osmolarity = trigger vasopressin secretion)

Cell Physiology (13 decks)

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