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Cell Physiology > Lecture 23 > Flashcards

Lecture 23 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 6 functions of kidneys?

A

regulation: BP, ECF volume, osmolarity | maintain ion balance | homeostatic regulation of pH | excrete waste | produce hormones

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2
Q

What hormone do kidneys produce?

A

erythropoietin

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3
Q

Can you live with 1 kidney?

A

yes

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4
Q

What is a nephron?

A

smallest functional unit of the kidney

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5
Q

What role do major blood vessels and blood pressure play in the renal system?

A

dictates how much filtration will go into the lumen of the nephron | increase BP = increase filtration

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6
Q

What are nephrons made out of?

A

epithelial cells

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7
Q

What does the lumen of the nephron collect?

A

filtrate = water, urine, waste

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8
Q

What is the capsule of a nephron?

A

connective tissue covering the kidney

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9
Q

What is the cortical medulla?

A

inner section of the kidney

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10
Q

What is a key characteristic of the cortical medulla?

A

contains a concentration gradient of solutes and an osmolarity difference between both sides of the medulla

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11
Q

What is important about nephrons being vascularized throughout the kidney cortex?

A

increase surface area = more things can move from the blood to the nephron lumen (vice-versa) = more things can be filtrated

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12
Q

What are the 2 types of nephrons?

A

cortical nephrons | juxtamedullary nephrons

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13
Q

What are cortical nephrons?

A

nephrons only within the cortex of the kidney

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14
Q

What are juxtamedullary nephrons?

A

nephrons within and next to the medulla of the kidney

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15
Q

What major role do juxtamedullary nephrons play? What do they have on their surfaces?

A

major role in reabsorption | has different sets of protein channels for different types of molecules, all under control by a hormone (vasopressin)

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16
Q

What are the 2 types of capillary beds intertwining the nephrons?

A

peritubular capillaries and vasa recta

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17
Q

What are the peritubular capillaries?

A

capillaries closely associated with the rest of the nephron from the glomerulus

18
Q

What is the vasa recta?

A

peritubular capillaries of the juxtamedullary nephrons

19
Q

What are the 3 nephron structures does the cortex of the kidney contain?

A

Bowman’s capsules | proximal tubules | distal tubules

20
Q

What are 2 nephron structures does the medulla of the nephron contain?

A

loop of Henle | collecting ducts

21
Q

What is the glomerulus?

A

site of filtration

22
Q

What is the Bowman’s capsule?

A

encapsulates the glomerulus

23
Q

What is the proximal tubule?

A

first segment of nephron after glomerulus

24
Q

What is the distal tubule?

A

connects to the collecting duct

25
Q

What is the collecting duct?

A

empties filtrate and secreted fluids into renal pelvis –> bladder

26
Q

How many nephrons can connect to one collecting duct?

A

many

27
Q

Percentage-wise, about how many nephrons are contained within the cortex of the kidney and in the medulla of the kidney?

A

80% cortical nephrons | 20% juxtamedullary nephrons

28
Q

What is the portal system in the kidney?

A

capillary beds in series

29
Q

What is the renal corpuscle?

A

glomerulus + Bowman’s capsule

30
Q

What are the 4 sets of membranes that filtration, secretion, and excretion go through?

A

2 in nephrons and 2 in capillaries

31
Q

What is the juxtaglomerular apparatus?

A

when ascending limb of the nephron comes into contact with the glomerulus

32
Q

What is the important role in which the juxtaglomerular apparatus plays in?

A

secretion of renin

33
Q

What are the macula densa cells?

A

sense distal tubule flow and release hormones renin = affect afferent arteriole diameter

34
Q

What is renin?

A

an enzyme involved in salt and water balance | can change/regulate BP

35
Q

What factor affects the reabsorption capacity of a nephron?

A

the length of the descending and ascending limbs of the LOH

36
Q

Which nephron is longer?

A

juxtamedullary nephrons

37
Q

What are the 3 hormones that control the kidney?

A

vasopressin | calcitonin | parathyroid hormone

38
Q

What are the 3 basic processes of the nephron?

A

filtration | reabsorption | secretion

39
Q

What is filtration?

A

fluid moves from blood to nephron lumen | ONLY in renal corpuscle | considered to be outside of body

40
Q

What is reabsorption?

A

fluid moves from filtrate back into blood vessels = peritubular capillaries

41
Q

What is secretion?

A

selective movement = use of transporters and channels | fluid moves from blood to filtrate

Cell Physiology (13 decks)

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