Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cell Physiology > Lecture 21 > Flashcards

Lecture 21 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the difference between tropic and trophic?

A

Tropic (aka:tropin) = affects other endocrine gland (tropic can be trophic) | trophic = affects growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are 4 significant things about the pineal gland?

A

true endocrine gland | makes melatonin | thought to store the soul | needs to get light signal through eyes or will easily cause depression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What role does the pineal gland play?

A

plays an important role in sleep/wake cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are thyroid hormones used for? Are they essential for everyone?

A

needed for normal growth and development in children | adults do not need thyroid hormones or thyroid gland = can live without it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What do thyroid hormones have a long term effect on?

A

metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the 2 thyroid hormones? Which one is the active one?

A

T3 and T4 | T3 = active one | need to convert T4 into T3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What happens to infants born with thyroid deficiency?

A

will be developmentally delayed, can be treated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are amine hormones?

A

derived from tyrosine | contain iodine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the thyroid follicle?

A

in thyroid | makes thyroid hormones in the colloid = 2-3 month supply | single epithelial layer wall | filled with colloid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the Thyroid-Binding Globulin?

A

protein that circulates in blood | transports lipophilic T3 and T4 hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where is the thyroid gland located?

A

under larynx, very vascularized

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What secretes calcitonin?

A

C-cells in the thyroid gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is colloid?

A

glycoprotein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is calcitonin?

A

hormone making bone denser

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How many days is the half-life of iodine?

A

8 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is TRH and TSH?

A

thyrotropin releasing hormone | thyroid stimulating hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the origin and chemical nature of thyroid hormones?

A

from thyroid follicle (colloid) | iodinated amine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the half-life of T3 and T4?

A

T3 : 1 day | T4 : 6-7 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are 3 whole body/tissue reactions to thyroid hormones?

A

thermogenesis = increase O2 consumption | adults = protein breakdown | kids = protein building

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is catabolism and anabolism?

A

catabolism = breakdown (CAT=bulldozer) | anabolism = building

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is a Goiter? (3 characteristics)

A

excessive stimulation of TSH on thyroid gland = enlarges thyroid gland | not enough iodine in system | more T3 and T4 made

22
Q

What is Myxedema?

A

hypothyroid people | deposits under skin = causes eye bags

23
Q

What is Exophthalmos?

A

hyperthyroid people | bulging eyeballs

24
Q

What is hyperthyroidism?

A

condition, excess production of T3 and T4

25
Q

What mechanism of disease in Grave’s Disease?

A

thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin = over synthesized &raquo_space;> acts like TSH on thyroid gland = hyperthyroidism

26
Q

What is Grave’s Disease?

A

a form of hyperthyroidism

27
Q

Why doesn’t negative feedback work in Grave’s disease?

A

stimulation is not based on TSH = body senses TSH levels are normal | doesn’t measure TSI levels

28
Q

What is thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin (TSI)?

A

protein part of immune system

29
Q

What is hypothyroidism due to?

A

low iodine

30
Q

How does hypothyroidism cause a goiter?

A

T3 and T4 levels decrease = stimulates anterior pituitary to make more TSH | TSH buildup = enlarged thyroid gland

31
Q

Where are parathyroid glands located?

A

4 glands behind thyroid gland

32
Q

What is significant about parathyroid gland?

A

removal = causes death | makes parathyroid hormone | senses plasma calcium levels

33
Q

What is the chemical nature of parathyroid hormone and its half-life?

A

peptide hormone | half-life = < 20 mins

34
Q

What is the whole body/tissue reaction due to the parathyroid hormone?

A

increases plasma calcium

35
Q

What triggers the release of parathyroid hormone?

A

decrease in plasma calcium from parathyroid glands

36
Q

What are the 3 organs that parathyroid hormone act on?

A

bone | kidney | intestines

37
Q

Where are the adrenal glands located?

A

on top of kidneys

38
Q

What are the 2 embryonic tissues of adrenal glands?

A

adrenal cortex = outter (steroid hormones) | adrenal medulla = inner

39
Q

What hormone stimulates the adrenal gland?

A

ACTH = adrenocorticotropic hormone

40
Q

What are the 4 regions of the adrenal gland that secretes hormones?

A

zona glomerulosa | zona fasciculata | zona reticularis | adrenal medulla

41
Q

In which region of the adrenal gland is aldosterone secreted?

A

zona glomerulosa

42
Q

In which region of the adrenal gland are glucocorticoids secreted?

A

zona fasciculata | glucocorticoids = cortisol

43
Q

In which region of the adrenal gland are sex hormones secreted?

A

zona reticularis

44
Q

In which region of the adrenal gland are catecholamines secreted?

A

adrenal medulla | catecholamines = epinephrine

45
Q

What are the 2 areas in which steroid hormones are made?

A

adrenal cortex | gonads

46
Q

What molecule are steroid hormones made out of?

A

cholesterol

47
Q

What are the 5 steroid hormones made from cholesterol?

A

aldosterone | progesterone | estradiol | testosterone | cortisol (stress hormone)

48
Q

How does cortisol affect adipose tissue?

A

causes lipolysis = breakdown lipids

49
Q

How does cortisol affect muscles?

A

protein catabolism = breakdown of protein

50
Q

How does cortisol affect the liver?

A

gluconeogenesis = making glucose, byproduct = ketones

51
Q

How does cortisol affect the immune system?

A

suppresses overresponse of immune system

Cell Physiology (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions