Lecture 23 3/18/24

Question 1

What is the primary function of the ovary?

Answer 1

oogenesis

Question 2

Which hormones are produced by the ovary?

Answer 2

-estrogen
-progesterone

Question 3

What are the two main divisions of the ovary?

Answer 3

-cortex (outer)
-medulla (inner)

Question 4

Which species have inverted ovaries (medulla outside, cortex inside)?

Answer 4

horses

Question 5

Which tissue are the ovarian follicles embedded in?

Answer 5

cortical stroma

Question 6

What is the tunica albuginea?

Answer 6

fibrous capsule surrounding the ovary

Question 7

What are the stages of ovarian follicle development?

Answer 7

-primordial
-primary
-secondary
-tertiary/antral
-mature/graafian

Question 8

Which hormone stimulates follicular development?

Answer 8

follicle stimulating hormone from the anterior pituitary

Question 9

What are the characteristics of primordial follicles?

Answer 9

-earliest stage
-present at birth
-most numerous
-inactive until they enter folliculogenesis
-just below tunica albuginea
-primary oocyte surrounded by layer of simple squamous

Question 10

What are the characteristics of primary follicles?

Answer 10

-first stage of folliculogenesis
-enlarging oocyte surrounded by layer of cuboidal cells

Question 11

Which features are present in a maturing primary follicle?

Answer 11

-zona pellucida
-multilaminar granulosa cells

Question 12

What are multilaminar granulosa cells?

Answer 12

stratified layer of cells around the follicle

Question 13

What are the characteristics of secondary follicles?

Answer 13

-central primary oocyte surrounded by zona pellucida
-stratified epithelium leads to membrana granulosa formation
-interstitial cells lead to theca formation
-increase in fluid fragments in epithelium

Question 14

What are the characteristics of tertiary/antral follicles?

Answer 14

-antral cavity that is fluid-filled
-cumulus oophorus and corona radiata present
-expansion of thecal cells
-typically contains one oocyte

Question 15

What is the corona radiata?

Answer 15

granulosa cells around the dorsal aspect of oocyte

Question 16

What is the cumulus oophorus?

Answer 16

flattened layer of granulosa cells that the oocyte “sits” on

Question 17

What are the characteristics of mature/graafian follicles?

Answer 17

-follicle expands to form a bulge in the ovary
-follicle ruptures and oocyte and corona radiata release into infundibulum

Question 18

Which species does NOT have a random ovulation site?

Answer 18

horses; ovulation always occurs in ovulation fossa

Question 19

What is a corpora hemorrhagicum?

Answer 19

ruptured follicle filled with hemorrhage

Question 20

What are luteal cells?

Answer 20

granulosa and thecal cells that collapse into the ruptured follicle and undergo hypertrophy and hyperplasia

Question 21

What is the corpora luteum?

Answer 21

formation of luteal cells during fertilization and implantation

Question 22

Which hormone is produced by luteal cells?

Answer 22

progesterone

Question 23

What is the corpora albicans?

Answer 23

scar-like structure resulting from the degeneration of luteal cells when fertilization does not occur

Question 24

What are the characteristics of follicular atresia?

Answer 24

-degeneration of follicles
-can happen at any stage
-eventually entire follicle is resorbed

Question 25

What are the parts of the oviduct?

Answer 25

-infundibulum w/ fimbriae -ampulla -isthmus

Question 26

Which type of epithelium is found within the oviduct?

Answer 26

ciliated epithelium (moves oocyte)

Question 27

How does the amount of muscle present change within the oviduct?

Answer 27

more muscle as the oocyte moves towards the uterus

Question 28

What are the two layers of myometrium in the uterus?

Answer 28

-outer, longitudinal layer -inner, circular layer

Question 29

What is the stratum vasculare?

Answer 29

layer of nerves/lymphatics/vessels between the muscle layers of the uterus

Question 30

Where are the endometrial glands located?

Answer 30

within the lamina propria of the endometrium

Question 31

What are caruncles?

Answer 31

-site where the placenta attaches in cattle -highly vascular with no glands

Question 32

What are the characteristics of the vulva?

Answer 32

-consists of vestibule, labia, and clitoris -vestibular glands associated with vestibule -labial portion is folded skin -clitoris is analogue of penis and contains erectile tissue

Question 33

How does the estrous cycle impact the endometrium?

Answer 33

increased progesterone during diestrus causes endometrial growth

Question 34

How does the estrous cycle impact the vaginal epithelium?

Answer 34

increased estrogen during estrus causes vaginal epithelium to proliferate and keratinize