Lecture 1 1/22/24 Flashcards
What are the general characteristics of blood?
-embryologically derived from mesoderm
-serves in a connective role
What are the main functions of blood?
-transportation
-protection
-regulation
Which factors can impact blood volume?
-body size
-physical fitness
-nutrition status
-age
-pregnancy
-lactation state
What percent of a hot-blooded horse’s body weight is blood?
10-11%
What percent of a dog’s body weight is blood?
8-9%
What percent of a cat/ruminant/rodent/cold-blooded horse’s body weight is blood?
6-7%
What percent of a pig’s body weight is blood?
5-6%
What percent of an animal’s blood volume can be safely removed?
10-15%
What is plasma?
colorless to yellow clear fluid devoid of cells
How are plasma and interstitial fluid similar?
-both are extracellular fluids
-similar chemical composition
How are plasma and interstitial fluid different?
-plasma is intravascular/inside vessels
-interstitial fluid is extravascular/outside vessels
What percent of plasma is made up of water?
91-92%
What percent of plasma is made up of proteins?
7%
What are the characteristics of albumin?
-most abundant and important plasma protein
-synthesized by the liver
What are the functions of albumin?
-maintenance of colloidal osmotic pressure
-transportation of substances
-regulation of acid-base balance
Why is albumin considered a negative acute phase protein?
during times of acute inflammation, albumin concentration decreases
What are the characteristics of alpha and beta globulins?
-produced by the liver
-positive acute phase proteins
What are the characteristics of fibrinogen?
-pro-inflammatory
-involved in coagulation
-positive acute phase protein
What are the characteristics of gamma globulins?
-produced by B lymphocytes and plasma cells
-primarily IgG
Which proteins are found in the plasma?
-albumin
-alpha and beta globulins
-fibrinogen
-coagulation factors
-gamma globulins
What are the characteristics of plasma collection?
-obtained when anti-coagulated blood is centrifuged
-anti-coagulants are necessary
-fibrinogen and coagulation factors are present
-can be centrifuged almost immediately after collection
What are the characteristics of serum collection?
-obtained when coagulated blood is centrifuged
-no need for anti-coagulants
-fibrinogen and coagulation factors are absent
-must wait 30 minutes after collection to centrifuge
Which anti-coagulant binds irreversibly to calcium?
EDTA
What is colloidal osmotic pressure/oncotic pressure?
the force opposing the exit of fluid from the intravascular space to the extravascular space
