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SP1 Physiology/Microanatomy 2 > Lecture 1 1/22/24 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 1/22/24 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the general characteristics of blood?

A

-embryologically derived from mesoderm
-serves in a connective role

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2
Q

What are the main functions of blood?

A

-transportation
-protection
-regulation

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3
Q

Which factors can impact blood volume?

A

-body size
-physical fitness
-nutrition status
-age
-pregnancy
-lactation state

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4
Q

What percent of a hot-blooded horse’s body weight is blood?

A

10-11%

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5
Q

What percent of a dog’s body weight is blood?

A

8-9%

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6
Q

What percent of a cat/ruminant/rodent/cold-blooded horse’s body weight is blood?

A

6-7%

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7
Q

What percent of a pig’s body weight is blood?

A

5-6%

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8
Q

What percent of an animal’s blood volume can be safely removed?

A

10-15%

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9
Q

What is plasma?

A

colorless to yellow clear fluid devoid of cells

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10
Q

How are plasma and interstitial fluid similar?

A

-both are extracellular fluids
-similar chemical composition

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11
Q

How are plasma and interstitial fluid different?

A

-plasma is intravascular/inside vessels
-interstitial fluid is extravascular/outside vessels

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12
Q

What percent of plasma is made up of water?

A

91-92%

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13
Q

What percent of plasma is made up of proteins?

A

7%

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14
Q

What are the characteristics of albumin?

A

-most abundant and important plasma protein
-synthesized by the liver

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15
Q

What are the functions of albumin?

A

-maintenance of colloidal osmotic pressure
-transportation of substances
-regulation of acid-base balance

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16
Q

Why is albumin considered a negative acute phase protein?

A

during times of acute inflammation, albumin concentration decreases

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17
Q

What are the characteristics of alpha and beta globulins?

A

-produced by the liver
-positive acute phase proteins

18
Q

What are the characteristics of fibrinogen?

A

-pro-inflammatory
-involved in coagulation
-positive acute phase protein

19
Q

What are the characteristics of gamma globulins?

A

-produced by B lymphocytes and plasma cells
-primarily IgG

20
Q

Which proteins are found in the plasma?

A

-albumin
-alpha and beta globulins
-fibrinogen
-coagulation factors
-gamma globulins

21
Q

What are the characteristics of plasma collection?

A

-obtained when anti-coagulated blood is centrifuged
-anti-coagulants are necessary
-fibrinogen and coagulation factors are present
-can be centrifuged almost immediately after collection

22
Q

What are the characteristics of serum collection?

A

-obtained when coagulated blood is centrifuged
-no need for anti-coagulants
-fibrinogen and coagulation factors are absent
-must wait 30 minutes after collection to centrifuge

23
Q

Which anti-coagulant binds irreversibly to calcium?

A

EDTA

24
Q

What is colloidal osmotic pressure/oncotic pressure?

A

the force opposing the exit of fluid from the intravascular space to the extravascular space

25
Q

What drives colloidal osmotic pressure?

A

presence of large macromolecules in plasma (primarily albumin)

26
Q

What is hydrostatic pressure?

A

the force driving fluid from the intravascular space into the extravascular space

27
Q

What is osmolality?

A

measure of the solute/water ratio of body fluid

28
Q

What does osmolality depend on?

A

the number of osmotically active ions and molecules dissolved in a kilogram of body water

29
Q

Which ions contribute the majority of osmolality?

A

-sodium
-potassium
-chloride
-bicarbonate

30
Q

What is the relationship between plasma proteins and osmolality?

A

proteins provide no significant contribution to osmolality

31
Q

What is the result of hypo-osmolality?

A

cellular swelling

32
Q

What is the result of hyper-osmolality?

A

cellular shrinkage

33
Q

What are platelets?

A

fragments of megakaryocytes

34
Q

What are the characteristics of platelets?

A

-conc. is 150-700 x 10^3 ul
-life span of 8-10 days
-involved in primary hemostasis

35
Q

What are the characteristics of RBCs?

A

-conc. is 5-10 x 10^6 ul
-life span of 70-160 days
-transport O2

36
Q

What are the characteristics of WBCs?

A

-conc. is 5-20 x 10^3 ul
-life span of hours to months
-involved in defense

37
Q

What is packed cell volume (PCV)?

A

the percent of blood volume filled by erythrocytes

38
Q

What is hematocrit (HCT)?

A

a calculation based on RBCs and mean cell volume that represents RBC mass

39
Q

How is HCT calculated?

A

HCT = (RBCs x MCV)/10

40
Q

What is mean cell volume (MCV)?

A

measure of the average volume of a RBC

SP1 Physiology/Microanatomy 2 (50 decks)

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