Lecture 21: Heart and Great Vessels

Question 1

Heart is located where

Answer 1

In the middle inferior mediastinum within pericardial cavity

Question 2

Visceral pericardium

Answer 2

Serous membrane, referred to as epicardium
Arterial mesocardium
Venous mesocardium

Question 3

Parietal pericardium

Answer 3

Fused to fibrous pericardium with central tendon of diaphragm and sternum

Question 4

Transverse sinus

Answer 4

Space between arterial and venous mesocardium

Question 5

Oblique sinus

Answer 5

Space between right/left pulmonary veins

Question 6

Blood supply to pericardium

Answer 6

Pericardial arteries
Pericardiophrenic arteries
Musculophrenic arteries

Question 7

Nerve supply to pericardium

Answer 7

CN X
Phrenic nerve
Sympathetic trunk

Question 8

Cardiac projections- base of heart, base projection

Answer 8

Base of heart is superior to apex
Horizontal plane across sternum
Level of costal cartilage 3
Ends 2cm to left of parasternal line

Question 9

Cardiac projections- Apex projection

Answer 9

5th intercostal space

At interclavicular line to left of sternum

Question 10

Pericardium extends up to

Answer 10

Sternal angle

Question 11

Which layer of the heart is the thickest

Answer 11

Myocardium

Question 12

Function of annuli fibrosi

Answer 12

Part of cardiac skeleton

• support for valves
• attachment for cardiac muscle fibers

Question 13

Base of heart includes

Answer 13

Left atrium, small part of right atrium

Question 14

Apex of heart includes

Answer 14

Left ventricle

Question 15

Diaphragmatic surface of heart includes

Answer 15

Mostly left ventricle, some right ventricle

Question 16

Sternocostal surface of heart includes

Answer 16

Mostly right ventricle

Question 17

Left border of heart

Answer 17

Left ventricle left auricle

Question 18

Inferior border of heart

Answer 18

Right ventricle

Question 19

Superior border of heart

Answer 19

Left/right atria and auricles

Question 20

Blood supply to heart

Answer 20

Coronary arteries - these are the only branches off the ascending aorta

Question 21

Right coronary artery branches

Answer 21

Artery to SA node
Artery to AV node
Right marginal artery
Posterior interventricular artery (right anterior descending)

Question 22

Left coronary artery branches

Answer 22

Anterior interventricular artery (left anterior descending)
Circumflex artery
Left marginal artery

Question 23

Coronary sinus

Answer 23

Located in posterior coronary sulcus
Opens into right atrium
Direct continuation of great cardiac vein

Question 24

Right atrium receives blood from

Answer 24

Superior/inferior vena cava
Coronary sinus
Anterior cardiac veins

Question 25

Right AV valve called

Answer 25

Tricuspid valve

Question 26

Pulmonary valve formed from

Answer 26

Three semilunar cusps

Question 27

Left atrium receives blood from

Answer 27

4 pulmonary veins

Question 28

Left AV valve called

Answer 28

Bicuspid or mitral

Question 29

Aortic valve formed from

Answer 29

Three semilunar cusps