Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy > Lecture 2: Connective tissues, cartilage and bone > Flashcards

Lecture 2: Connective tissues, cartilage and bone Flashcards

1
Q

What is connective tissue

A

It is whats left over after everything else is removed (epithelia, muscle and nervous tissue)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

T or F: CT has relatively few cells

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Major characteristic of connective tissue

A

abundant matrix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

CT is classified based on what

A

type of matrix
fiber density
fiber organization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Functions of CT

A

Physically support other tissues
bind other tissues together
provide structural framework/opposes gravity
create body contours
house specialized tissue (hematopoietic, lymphoid tissue)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Types of CT (3)

A

Embryonic
Adult
Special

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Embryonic CT

A

Whartons jelly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Types of adult CT

A

Loose (Areolar)
Dense
Elastic
Reticular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Types of specialized CT

A

Adipose
Hematopoietic
Bone
Cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Components of CT (3)

A

Cells
Fibers
Amorphous, non cellular material

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Cells of CT (7)

A

Fibroblast, fibrocyte
chondroblast, chondrocyte
osteoblast, osteocyte, osteoclast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Types of protein fibers (3)

A

Collagen
Elastic
Reticular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Amorphous, non cellular materials

A

GAGs
Glycoproteins
Chondroitin sulfate (in cartilage)
Hydroxyapatite (in bone)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where is embryonic CT found

A 
Umbilical cord (whartons jelly)
pulp of developing teeth
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Ratio of fibroblasts:fibrous component in loose (areolar) CT

A

High ratio of fibroblasts to fibrous component

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Types of fibers in loose CT

A

Type I collagen and elastic fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Where is loose CT found

A

Usually beneath epithelial tissues of most organs, including the tunica adventitia of blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does loose CT contain (3 cells, 1 structure)

A

Fibroblasts, mast cells, macrophages, capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Ratio of fibroblasts to fibrous component in dense CT

A

High ratio of fibrous component to fibroblasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Fibroblast nuclei appearance in dense CT

A

Elongated and thin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Characterized by highly ordered bundles of collagen separated by single rows of fibroblasts

A

Dense CT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Found in tendons and ligaments

A

Dense CT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Compare collagen structure in dense and loose CT

A

Dense CT has thicker bundles of collagen fiber

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Types of adipose tissue

A

White fat

brown fat

25
Q

Which type of adipose is unilocular, which type is multilocular

A

white fat is unilocular

brown fat is multilocular

26
Q

Brown fat is used for

A

heat production

27
Q

Most common cells in CT matrix

A

Fibroblasts and Fibrocytes

28
Q

Ground substance of CT matrix

A

Mostly composed of GAGs and glycoproteins

29
Q

Fibers in CT matrix

A

Mostly collagen, also has elastic and reticular

30
Q

What are GAGs

A

Large, negatively charged linear polymers, consisting of repeated disaccharide units

31
Q

T or F: All GAGs are covalently linked to protein to form proteoglycans

A

True, except for Hyaluronic acid

32
Q

Characteristics of Hyaluronic acid

A

Largest GAG
Lacks sulfate group
Present in nearly all CT
Binds to water, serves as lubricant in synovial fluid

33
Q

Four groups of GAGs

A

Heparin and Heparan sulfate
Chondroitin sulfate and dermatan sulfate
Keratan sulfate

34
Q

Types of Glycoproteins (2)

A

Chondronectin

Laminin

35
Q

Cartilage extracellular matrix

A 
Collagen fibers (type II).. type I in fibrocartilage
Amorphous ground substance (Hyaluronic acid, chondroitin, keratan and heparin sulfate)
36
Q

Cartilage functions

A 
Compressible
Resists distortion
Absorbs shocks in joints
Reduces friction in movable joints
Necessary for endochondral bone growth
Involved in bone fracture repair
37
Q

Cartilage characteristics

A

Perichondrium

Avascular (slow to heal)

38
Q

Perichondrium layers

A

Outer fibrous layer surrounding mass of cartilage, contains fibroblasts
Inner chondrogenic layer- gives rise to chondroblasts

39
Q

Types of cartilage

A

Hyaline
Fibrocartilage
Elastic

40
Q

Hyaline cartilage location

A

Ears, nose, movable joint surfaces

41
Q

Elastic cartilage location

A

Auricle, Epiglottis

42
Q

Fibrocartilage location

A

Less movable joints and intervertebral discs

43
Q

Lacunae

A

Pockets within the matrix where chondroblasts and chondrocytes are found (2-8 in each)

44
Q

Growth pattern of hyaline cartilage

A

Appositional or interstitial

45
Q

Hyaline cartilage characteristics

A 
Perichondrium (except at ends of long bones)
Chondrocytes in cell groups
Translucent bluish gray/white
Solid but flexible
Type II collagen
Avascular
46
Q

What is the most common cartilage

A

Hyaline

47
Q

Cartilage develops in regions of ____ oxygen

A

Regions of low oxygen

48
Q

Hyaline cartilage is associated with what types of joints

A

Synovial (diarthroses), highly movable joints

49
Q

Territorial matrix

A

surrounds each chondrocyte

High GAG content, low collagen content

50
Q

Inter-territorial matrix

A

Surrounds territorial matrix

High collagen content, low GAG content

51
Q

Elastic cartilage characteristics

A

Perichondrium
Yellow color due to presence of elastic fibers
More opaque, flexible and elastic than hyaline
Mostly single chondrocytes
Type II collagen + elastic fibers

52
Q

Fibrocartilage characteristics

A 
NO perichondrium
Increased collagen
Reduced cellularity compared w/hyaline
Type I collagen
Single sparse chondrocytes
53
Q

T or F: Bone is highly vascular

A

True

54
Q

Matrix of bones consists of

A

Organic component- osteoid

Inorganic component- Hydroxyapatite, makes up 35-65% of the matrix

55
Q

Types of bone tissue

A

Woven
Spongy
Compact

56
Q

Woven bone characteristics (4)

A

Occurs during bone development and repair
Produced rapidly
Haphazard collagen foundation
Less structural integrity

57
Q

Compact (lamellar) bone characteristics

A

Matrix ordered into layers called laminae
Layers may be flattened and parallel
Layers may be concentric and parallel around central canal (Haversian canal)

58
Q

Spongy bone (trabecular or cancellous bone) characteristics

A

3-D lattice of branching, bony spicules intertwined to form trabeculae, surround bone marrow spaces in long and flat bones

Anatomy (34 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions