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Anatomy > Anatomy Lecture 3: Bones, Bone development, and joints > Flashcards

Anatomy Lecture 3: Bones, Bone development, and joints Flashcards

1
Q

Hydroxyapatite

A

Small, branching, strands of bone that fuse with one another to form a spongy appearance.

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2
Q

Bone markings

A

Appear on dried bones wherever tendons, ligaments, and fascia were attached.

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3
Q

Fissure

A

a narrow, cleft-like opening between adjacent parts of bones through which blood vessels and nerves pass

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4
Q

Foramen

A

a hole through a bone or through the wall of a bone into the medullary cavity through which vessels and nerves pass

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5
Q

Canal

A

a foramen with some length and an orifice at each end

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6
Q

Meatus

A

tube-like passageway running within a bone with an orifice at only one end

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7
Q

Paranasal sinus

A

air-filled cavity within a bone connected to the nasal cavity

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8
Q

Groove (sulcus)

A

furrow or depression that accommodates a soft structure such as a blood vessel, nerve or tendon.

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9
Q

Fossa

A

depression in or on a bone

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10
Q

Fovea

A

little pit

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11
Q

Condyle

A

Process which forms joint- large, rounded articular prominence

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12
Q

Head

A

Process which forms joint- rounded articular projection supported on a constricted portion

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13
Q

Facet

A

Process which forms joint- smooth flat surface

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14
Q

Process

A

Process for attachment- prominent projection

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15
Q

Tubercle

A

Process for attachment- small, rounded process

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16
Q

Tuberosity

A

Process for attachment- large, rounded, usually roughened process

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17
Q

Trochanter

A

Process for attachment- large, blunt projections; found only on femur

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18
Q

Crest

A

Process for attachment- prominent border or ridge

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19
Q

Spine

A

Process for attachment- very high ridge

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20
Q

Line

A

Process for attachment- less prominent ridge than a crest

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21
Q

Spinous process

A

Process for attachment- sharp, slender process

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22
Q

Epicondyle

A

Process for attachment- prominence proximal to a condyle

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23
Q

Angle

A

Where the main part of a bone (the body) and a process are joined at different angles to eachother

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24
Q

Ramus

A

branch off the body (beyond the angle)

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25
Q

Lingula

A

flat, tongue shaped process

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26
Q

Hamulus

A

hook shaped process

27
Q

Cornu

A

horn shaped process

28
Q

Endochondral bone formation forms what types of bones

A

Long bones and most irregular bones such as vertebre

29
Q

Intramembrane bone formation forms which bones

A

Many flat bones of the cranial vault

30
Q

Trabecula

A

When ossification has progressed to such a point that the original strand is completely ossified

31
Q

In the epiphyseal plates, where does new cartilage formation occur

A

On the distal end

32
Q

Cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis) joint types(2) and mobility

A

Synchodrosis

Symphysis (relatively little movement for both)

33
Q

Synchondrosis and example of joint

A

Cartilaginous joint formed of hyaline cartilage.

i.e. epiphyseal plate of long bones

34
Q

Synostosis and example of joint

A

Bone is the joining material

i.e. The resulting joint after the growth plate closes and bones fuse together

35
Q

Symphysis and example of joint

A

Cartilaginous joint held together by fibrocartilage. Allows very little movement.
i.e. pubic symphysis

36
Q

Fibrous (synarthrosis) joint types (3) and mobility

A

Suture
Gomphosis
Syndesmosis (Slight mobility for all 3)

37
Q

Suture and example

A

Fibrous joint. Bones have irregular shaped edges that interlock, w/ fibrous membrane holding them together.
i.e. many of the joints between bones of calvaria (skull cap)

38
Q

Gomphosis and example

A

Fibrous joint. Peg and socket type of joint.

i.e. The joint between a tooth and its socket

39
Q

Syndesmosis and example

A

Fibrous joint. Two bones held together by fibrous interosseous membrane
i.e. Interosseous membrane between radius and ulna or between fibula and tibia

40
Q

Synovial joint (diarthrosis)

A

Complex joint designed for mobility. Contain articular cartilage, synovial fluid & membrane, joint capsule and ligaments.

41
Q

Types of synovial joints (4)

A

Uniaxial
Biaxial
Triaxial
Non-axial

42
Q

Uniaxial and example

A

Moves through one plane around one axis

i.e. Humeroulnar (elbow) joint

43
Q

Biaxial and example

A

Movement in two planes around two axis

i.e. metacarpal-phalangeal joint (finger)

44
Q

Saddle joint and example

A

Special biaxial joint in which both surfaces are saddle shaped
i.e. first carpometacarpal joint (thumb)

45
Q

Triaxial joint and example

A

Movement in three planes around three axis

i.e. ball and socket joint, glenohumeral (shoulder) joint

46
Q

Non-axial joint and example

A

Two relatively flat surfaces which slide over one another

i.e. joints between many of the carpal elements

47
Q

Skeletal system functions (5)

A 
Structure and protection
Muscle attachment
Leverage for movement
Homopoeisis
Calcium and phosphate resovoir
48
Q

Skull

49
Q

hyoid bone

50
Q

auditory ossicles

51
Q

vertebral column

52
Q

thorax (sternum, ribs)

53
Q

Appendicular skeleton 4 portions

A

Pectoral girdle and upper extremities

Pelvic girdle and lower extremities

54
Q

Clavicle

A

Pectoral and upper

55
Q

scapula

A

pectoral and upper

56
Q

humerus

A

pectoral and upper

57
Q

pelvic bones

A

pelvic and lower

58
Q

patella

A

pelvic and lower

59
Q

tarsals, metatarsals

A

pelvic and lower

60
Q

carpals, metacarpals

A

pectoral and upper

61
Q

short bone example

62
Q

flat bone example

A

skull cap (calvaria)

63
Q

irregular bone examples

A

vertebrae and some facial bones

64
Q

sesamoid bones example

Anatomy (34 decks)

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