Lecture 21 Flashcards
How do you tell what way the brain is facing?
Down the bottom is the cerebellum meaning it is the posterior side and the posterior side is more sharp. Or find the c and the front of the c is the front.
What is the most anteior lobe?
Frontal lobe
What is the most middle lobe/ superior lobe?
Parietal lobe
What is the most posterior lobe?
Occipital lobe
What is the most inferior lobe?
Temporal lobe
What is the sulcus between the parietal lobe and frontal lobe called?
Its called the central sulcus
What is the sulcus found between the parietal and occipital lobe?
Pareito-occipital sulcus
where is the lateral sulcus found?
It is found in-between the frontal lobe, parietal lobe and temporal lobe.
What is in-between the cerebrum and cerebellum
Transverse fissure
What is the function of occipital lobe?
Vision (Occ/ open sounds close to eyes)
What is the function of the parietal lobe?
Somatosensory ( parents are a sensitive topic)
What is the function of the temporal lobe?
Memory and hearing (tempory memory and hearing)
What is the function of the frontal lobe?
Motor control, language, personality. ( first language, up-front personality and front wheel drive= motor control)
Describe where the cerebral cortex is
On the most superior anterior side of the brain
Where is the corpus callosum?
White matter in the middle of the brain above the diencephalon
Where is the diencephalon? and describe it
In the middle of the brain, where the third ventricle. It also has thalamus and hypothalamus.
Where is the cerebellum?
It’s the most lateral posterior part of the brain.
Where is the midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata?
It goes midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata that makes up the brain stem at the base of the brain.
Where does the foramen magnum start?
Inferior to medula oblongata
What is the cerebral cortex made out of?
Gray matter
What are the 3 types of white matter?
Commissural tracts, projection tract, association tracts
Where is the deep nuclei and describe it
The deep nuclei is “deep” in the brain which are collections of cell bodies
What are the holes in the middle of the brain
They are a pair of lateral ventricles
What are commissural tracts? and where is it
Axons going from one side of the brain to the other, nuerons have their cell bodies in the cerebral cortex
Describe a projection tract
Cell bodies are in the cerebral cortex, they project their axons down into deeper structures down in the brain.
Describe an association tract.
These axons stay on the same side of the brain and they connect different areas of the cerebral cortex. There are two types, short and long distance, so other regions of the brain can help with responses.
What is the gyrus in between the central sulcus and frontal lobe called?
Pre-central gyrus
What is the gyrus in between the central sulcus and parietal lobe called?
Post-central gyrus
Is the pre-central gyrus motor control or somatosensory?
Motor control
Is the post-central gyrus motor control or somatosensory?
Somatosensory
What is the corticospinal pathway?
It is the two neurons between the brain and the effector
Describe the upper motor neuron
- cell body in primary motor cortex (pre-central gyrus)
- Axon extends from motor cortex to spinal cord on opposite side
- Makes synapse on lower motor neuron
Describe the lower motor neuron
- Cell body in ventral horn (grey matter) of spinal cord.
- Axon extends out of spinal cord (ventral root) into body
- Makes synapse on skeletal muscle
What happens if there is primary motor cortex damage?
Damage to the motor cortex means muscle weakness and paralysis in region of body corresponding to the location of damage
What is the difference between pre-central gyrus and post-central gyrus?
Post-central gyrus receives information instead of sending information
What is the dorsal/posterior column pathway?
Three neurons between sensory receptor and somatosensory neuron in post-central gyrus
Describe neuron #1
Cell body in dorsal root ganglion
Peripheral fibre from sensory receptor in skin
Central fibre ascends toward brain in dorsal columns
makes synapse on neuron #2 in medulla oblongata
Describe neuron #2
Cell body in medulla oblongata
Axon crosses to opposite side and ascends
Makes synapse on neuron #3 in thalamus
Describe neuron #3
Cell body in thalamus
Axon ascends to somatosensory cortex
Makes a synapse on the cell body of somatosensory cortex neuron therefore perception of light touch on foot.
What happens is there is primary somatosensory cortex damage?
Cell in somatosensory cortex that receives information from dorsal column pathway dies therefore ascending information has no place to go and no perception of touch in that area of body.
