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HUBS191 > Lecture 15 > Flashcards

Lecture 15 Flashcards

1
Q

What is integration

A

A response that occurs without you knowing it.

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2
Q

What is coordination

A

Preparing your body for what is about to occur

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3
Q

What is response?

A

Actually doing what you have decided.

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4
Q

What does it mean if neurons have different shapes?

A

Means it also has a different function

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5
Q

What are the two general features of neurons?

A
  1. Cells specialised for transmission of information

2. Four morphological types

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6
Q

What are the 3 general features of Glia?

A
  1. Support for neurons
  2. Five basic types (4 in CNS and 1 in PNS)
  3. Each type has a specific function
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7
Q

What are the 4 structures on a neuron?

A

Dendrites, cell body, axon and axon terminals.

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8
Q

What are the 2 features of Dendrites?

A

Receive input and send info to the cell body

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9
Q

What are the 2 features of a cell body?

A

Contains nucleus and organelles

Sums input

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10
Q

What are the 2 features of an axon?

A

Carries electrical impulses and may or may not be myelinated

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11
Q

What are the 2 features of an axon terminal?

A

End (terminus) of the axon and neurotransmitter release.

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12
Q

In the CNS a group of cell bodies is called?

A

Nucleus (Nuclei)

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13
Q

In the CNS a bundle of axons is called?

A

A tract

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14
Q

In the CNS a group of cell bodies in cerebral cortex or spinal cord is called?

A

Grey matter

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15
Q

In the CNS a bundle of axons in cerebral cortex or spinal cord is called?

A

White matter

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16
Q

In the PNS a group of cell bodies is called?

A

Ganglion (ganglia)

17
Q

In the PNS a bundle of axons is called?

A

A nerve

18
Q

What does the input zone consist of?

A

dendrites and cell body which receives chemical signals from other neurons

19
Q

What does the summation zone consist of?

A

Axon hillock which decided to transmit a signal further or not

20
Q

What does the conduction zone consist of?

A

Axon which may be quite long and that carries electrical signals between brain areas to and from spinal cord or to and from peripheral sensory receptors

21
Q

What does the output zone consist of?

A

Axon terminals, which contact with input zone of other neurons which also release neurotransmitters (chemical signal).

22
Q

What are the 4 morphological types of neurons? and describe them.

A

Multipolar- mutliple processes emanate from the cell body
Bipolar- Two processes emanate from the cell body
Unipolar- One process emanates from the cell body, then branches into dendrite and axon.
Anaxonic- No distinct axon and all processes look a like.

23
Q

What are the 4 types of glia in CNS? and describe their features.

A

Astrocytes- supply nutrients to neurons, ensheath blood capillaries
Microglia- Immune cells of the CNS and engulfs microorganisms and debris
Ependymal cells- Line fluid filled spaces of brain and spinal cord and have cilia to circulate CSF
Oligodendrocytes- Support nerve fibres and ensheath them with myelin

24
Q

What is the type of Glia in PNS and describe its features.

A

Schwann cells- Which supports peripheral nerve fibres, ensheath them with myelin and they are similar to oligodendrocytes in the CNS.

25
Q

What is a myelin sheath?

A

Lipid (fat) wrapped around axons

26
Q

Where does myelin sheath come from in the CNS and PNS

A

CNS- oligodendrocytes

PNS- Schwann cells

27
Q

What is a myelin sheath for?

A

Increases conduction velocity

28
Q

What are the gaps between myelin called and what are they for?

A

They are called nodes of Ranvier and they increase conduction.

29
Q

What is a synapse?

A

Communication between neurons through a junction which releases neurotransmitters(chemicals) to other neurons.

30
Q

What does pre-synaptic neuron mean?

A

Before the synapse

31
Q

What happens in the presynaptic neurons?

A

Presynaptic neurons contain synaptic vesicles and release neurotransmitters from axon terminals

32
Q

What does post-synaptic neuron mean?

A

It means after the synapse

33
Q

What happens in the post synaptic neuron?

A

It contains receptors for neurotransmitters.

34
Q

What does afferent mean and what can it also be called

A

Afferent means information that goes into the brain and its also called ascending.

35
Q

What does efferent mean and what can it also be called?

A

A response of the brain and can be called descending.

HUBS191 (28 decks)

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