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HUBS191 > lecture 19 > Flashcards

lecture 19 Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the foramen magnum??

A

at the bottom of the cranium that is a hole for the spinal cord to attach into.

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2
Q

Where does your spinal cord end?

A

The spinal cord ends at the inferior border of the 1st lumbar vertebra (L1)

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3
Q

What does the meningeal sack do?

A

That contains the spinal cord within the vertebral cavity or the canal that the vertebra form.

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4
Q

Is the meningeal sack filled with fluid?

A

Yes

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5
Q

At the end of the spinal cord there is a tapered cone called what?

A

Conus medularis which is non-neural tissue.

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6
Q

What is connective tissue that runs off from the Conus Medularis called?

A

Filum terminale which means terminal filament.

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7
Q

What does the filum terminale do?

A

It connects the tip of the spinal cord to the very end of the sack of meniges that the spinal cord sits in. It basically anchors the spinal cord.

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8
Q

Why does the filum terminale attach to the meningeal sack?

A

So the spinal cord doesn’t loosely hang around and hit the walls of the sack and damage the spinal cord, it keeps it in place.

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9
Q

How many segments does the spinal cord have?

A

31 segments

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10
Q

What comes of each segment in the spinal cord?

A

One pair (left and right) spinal nerves

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11
Q

How many cervical spinal nerves are there?

A

There are 8 cervical vertebrae

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12
Q

Where do spinal nerves exit the vertebral column?

A

Spinal nerves exit the vertebral column at the level appropriate to their origin.

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13
Q

What is at the end of the spinal cord?

A

A large collection of long nerves called Cauda Equina

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14
Q

What is the sulcus

A

Means furrow

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15
Q

What is fissure?

A

A deep sulcus

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16
Q

Where is the median sulcus found?

A

On the dorsal side in little furrows

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17
Q

Where is the median fissure found?

A

It is found on the anterior view of the spinal segment, large furrow

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18
Q

What is grey matter? and where is it found?

A

Collection of cell bodies in the cerebral cortex and its right in the middle of the spinal cord.

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19
Q

What is white matter? and where is it found?

A

White matter is made out of axons/ contains axons and is everything outside of the grey matter.

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20
Q

Where is the central canal?

A

In the centre of the spinal cord/ segment

21
Q

What is the whole segment called?

A

CNS

22
Q

What is the cords on the outside of the segment apart of?

A

PNS

23
Q

If you split the segment through the middle, what is each half of the grey matter called?

A

Dorsal gray horn and lateral gray horn

24
Q

What is the dorsal, lateral and ventral white columns?

A

They are all columns of axons.

25
Q

Label the PNS roots and ganglion

A

Ventral and dorsal nerve root which are made out of axons, called the dorsal root ganglion which is made out of cell bodies.

26
Q

Where is the spinal nerve?

A

Coming off the nerve roots past the ganglion where they join.

27
Q

What does the dorsal side mostly concern itself with?

A

Afferent information so ascending or sensory information comes into the spinal cord from the outside of the body into the dorsal nerve root. PNS into CNS

28
Q

What does the ventral side mostly concern itself with?

A

Efferent information so decesending/ motor. From CNS into PNS

29
Q

Where does the efferent motor information leave from?

A

Leaves through ventral rods, motor commands to effectors in the body.

30
Q

Where are the somatic motor neurons?

A

They are cell bodies in the ventral horn

31
Q

Where are the autonomic motor neurons?

A

They are cell bodies in the lateral horn.

32
Q

What would happen if the cell body was damaged?

A

Paralysis of muscles, supplied by spinal nerves from this level on same side only.

33
Q

Where are the cell bodies of sensory neurons?

A

They are in dorsal root ganglion

34
Q

Where are dendrites?

A

Out in the body they contain receptors for sensory stimulus

35
Q

What does the axon for flow of information into the spinal cord look like?

A

Axons enters the spinal cord through dorsal roots.

36
Q

What happens if you damage the spinal cord on the dorsal side?

A

Loss of sensation from regions of the body supplied by spinal nerves from this level, on same side only.

37
Q

What happens to the spinal nerves once they leave the spinal column?

A

Spinal nerve splits into a dorsal ramus and ventral ramus. Also rami communicantes and symapthetic ganglion

38
Q

What does dorsal ramus do?

A

Dorsal ramus which is efferent to back and contains both sensory and motor information to and from the back.

39
Q

What does ventral ramus do?

A

Efferent information going out into the body and afferent coming from the ventral part of the body.

40
Q

Where does the parasympathetic nervous system travel?

A

Through the ventral ramus

41
Q

Where does the symapthetic nervous system travel through?

A

Goes through rami communicates, symapthetic ganglion and sympathetic nerve out into the body to make contact with the body.

42
Q

Are axons unmyelinated or myelinated in a peripheral nerve?

A

Individual axons may be myelinated or unmyelinated, so both

43
Q

What are axons covered with in peripheral nerves?

A

Endonerium

44
Q

How are nerves protected in the body?

A

They are bundled into peripheral nerves.

45
Q

What do endonurium covered axons bundle together to form?

A

Fascicle

46
Q

What are fascicles covered with?

A

Fascicles are covered with perineurium

47
Q

What are fascicles bundled with blood vessels called?

A

Nerve

48
Q

What are nerves covered by?

A

Epineurium, a dense fibourus covering

49
Q

What are a bundle of axons in the CNS called?

A

Tract

HUBS191 (28 decks)

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