Lecture 16 Flashcards
What does somatic mean? and give some examples
The stuff we are aware of and have control over. Voluntary muscle control and sensory information
What does Autonomic mean? and give some examples
The stuff we are not aware of and have no control over. Involuntary muscle control like a twitch and sensory information we don’t know about like your heart beat.
What are the two neurons between brain and effector in the somatic efferent division?
- upper motor neuron so the cell body in brain and axon in spinal cord
- Lower motor neuron so the cell body in spinal cord and axon in spinal nerve.
What is an effector of the somatic efferent division?
Skeletal muscle fibres
What is the pre-synaptic cell and post-synaptic cell in somatic efferent division
Pre-synaptic is lower motor neuron and post-synaptic is the effector.
Are axon myelinated or un myelinated in the somatic efferent division?
Axons are myelinated
What is the neurotransmitter in somatic efferent division?
Acetylcholine (ACh)
What are the two involuntary divisions in Autonomic efferent nervous system?
Sympathetic and parasympathetic
What are the 3 neurons between the brain and effector in autonomic efferent nervous system?
Neuron 1- Cell body in brain and axon in spinal cord (CNS)
Neuron 2- Cell body in brain or spinal cord (CNS), axon in PNS
Neuron 3- Cell body in PNS and axon in PNS
What are the effectors of sympathetic and parasympathetic?
Smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands and adipose tissue.
What is the autonomic ganglion?
Is a collection of cell bodies, out in the peripheral nervous system that concern themselves with the function of the autonomic nervous system “the circle”
Are pre ganglionic and pre synaptic neuron the same?
Yes
Why is neuron 3 unmyelinated?
They are extremely small, meaning myelin does not help to conduct them so there is no loss by having no myelin on them.
What is the chemical between neuron number 3 and the effector?
Acetyl chlorine most of the time or it could be norepinephrine.
What does the sympathetic nervous system do to the body?
Prepares the body for acute/stress response, “fight or flight” system.
What are the effects of the sympathetic system?
Increased heart rate, constricting blood vessels to skin and viscera (blood flow to muscles), decrease gastric mobility, decrease in salivation, increase pupil and increase sweating
What does the parasympathetic nervous system prepare for?
It prepares for restful situations. So “rest and digest system”
What are the effects of the parasympathetic nervous system?
Decrease heart rate, increased gastric motility, decreased pupil size and increased salivation.
What is the difference between sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system?
The axon in sympathetic for neuron 3 is much larger than the parasympathetic and the axon in neuron 2 is much shorter than
Is the preganglionic neuron, neuron 2 or 3?
Neuron 2
Is the postganglionic neuron, neuron 2 or 3?
Neuron 3
Describe the sympathetic ganglion closest to CNS
Cell bodies in ganglion, long axons extend into body and they are unmyelinated. They are post ganglionic neurons.
Give an overview of sympathetic preganglionic pathways.
- Its cell body is in the therocolumbar (spinal cord T1to l2)
- Sympathetic chain or collateral ganglion
- They are relatively short fibres
- The neurotransmitter is acetylcholine.
Give an overview of sympathetic postganglionic pathways
- Its cell body is in the sympathetic chain or collateral ganglion
- Its relatively long fibres
- The neurotransmitter is noradrenaline.
Give an overview of the parasympathetic preganglionic neuron
- Its cell body is in the craniosacral (brainstem and sacral spinal cord)
- It synapse in the parasympathetic ganglion in or near effector
- It has relatively long fibres
- The neurotransmitter is acetylcholine
Give an overview of parasympathetic postganglionic neuron
- The cell body location is in the parasympathetic ganglion or near the effector
- The fibres are relatively short
- The neurotransmitter is Acetylcholine.
