Lecture 16

Question 1

What does somatic mean? and give some examples

Answer 1

The stuff we are aware of and have control over. Voluntary muscle control and sensory information

Question 2

What does Autonomic mean? and give some examples

Answer 2

The stuff we are not aware of and have no control over. Involuntary muscle control like a twitch and sensory information we don’t know about like your heart beat.

Question 3

What are the two neurons between brain and effector in the somatic efferent division?

Answer 3

1. upper motor neuron so the cell body in brain and axon in spinal cord
2. Lower motor neuron so the cell body in spinal cord and axon in spinal nerve.

Question 4

What is an effector of the somatic efferent division?

Answer 4

Skeletal muscle fibres

Question 5

What is the pre-synaptic cell and post-synaptic cell in somatic efferent division

Answer 5

Pre-synaptic is lower motor neuron and post-synaptic is the effector.

Question 6

Are axon myelinated or un myelinated in the somatic efferent division?

Answer 6

Axons are myelinated

Question 7

What is the neurotransmitter in somatic efferent division?

Answer 7

Acetylcholine (ACh)

Question 8

What are the two involuntary divisions in Autonomic efferent nervous system?

Answer 8

Sympathetic and parasympathetic

Question 9

What are the 3 neurons between the brain and effector in autonomic efferent nervous system?

Answer 9

Neuron 1- Cell body in brain and axon in spinal cord (CNS)
Neuron 2- Cell body in brain or spinal cord (CNS), axon in PNS
Neuron 3- Cell body in PNS and axon in PNS

Question 10

What are the effectors of sympathetic and parasympathetic?

Answer 10

Smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands and adipose tissue.

Question 11

What is the autonomic ganglion?

Answer 11

Is a collection of cell bodies, out in the peripheral nervous system that concern themselves with the function of the autonomic nervous system “the circle”

Question 12

Are pre ganglionic and pre synaptic neuron the same?

Answer 12

Yes

Question 13

Why is neuron 3 unmyelinated?

Answer 13

They are extremely small, meaning myelin does not help to conduct them so there is no loss by having no myelin on them.

Question 14

What is the chemical between neuron number 3 and the effector?

Answer 14

Acetyl chlorine most of the time or it could be norepinephrine.

Question 15

What does the sympathetic nervous system do to the body?

Answer 15

Prepares the body for acute/stress response, “fight or flight” system.

Question 16

What are the effects of the sympathetic system?

Answer 16

Increased heart rate, constricting blood vessels to skin and viscera (blood flow to muscles), decrease gastric mobility, decrease in salivation, increase pupil and increase sweating

Question 17

What does the parasympathetic nervous system prepare for?

Answer 17

It prepares for restful situations. So “rest and digest system”

Question 18

What are the effects of the parasympathetic nervous system?

Answer 18

Decrease heart rate, increased gastric motility, decreased pupil size and increased salivation.

Question 19

What is the difference between sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system?

Answer 19

The axon in sympathetic for neuron 3 is much larger than the parasympathetic and the axon in neuron 2 is much shorter than

Question 20

Is the preganglionic neuron, neuron 2 or 3?

Answer 20

Neuron 2

Question 21

Is the postganglionic neuron, neuron 2 or 3?

Answer 21

Neuron 3

Question 22

Describe the sympathetic ganglion closest to CNS

Answer 22

Cell bodies in ganglion, long axons extend into body and they are unmyelinated. They are post ganglionic neurons.

Question 23

Give an overview of sympathetic preganglionic pathways.

Answer 23

• Its cell body is in the therocolumbar (spinal cord T1to l2)
• Sympathetic chain or collateral ganglion
• They are relatively short fibres
• The neurotransmitter is acetylcholine.

Question 24

Give an overview of sympathetic postganglionic pathways

Answer 24

• Its cell body is in the sympathetic chain or collateral ganglion
• Its relatively long fibres
• The neurotransmitter is noradrenaline.

Question 25

Give an overview of the parasympathetic preganglionic neuron

Answer 25

• Its cell body is in the craniosacral (brainstem and sacral spinal cord)
• It synapse in the parasympathetic ganglion in or near effector
• It has relatively long fibres
• The neurotransmitter is acetylcholine

Question 26

Give an overview of parasympathetic postganglionic neuron

Answer 26

• The cell body location is in the parasympathetic ganglion or near the effector
• The fibres are relatively short
• The neurotransmitter is Acetylcholine.