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Y1 - Body Logs > Lecture 20 - Dermatology > Flashcards

Lecture 20 - Dermatology Flashcards

1
Q

Terminology to describe size of lumps/bumps

A

Papule
Nodule

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2
Q

What is a papule?

A

A small lump

SMALL = Less than 5mm

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3
Q

What is a Nodule?

A

A large lump
Between 5-10mm

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4
Q

What is the term used to define Small Water Filled Blisters? A papule containing water

A

Vesicles

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5
Q

What is the term used to define a Large Water Filled Blister? A Nodule Containing water.

A

Bulla

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6
Q

What is the name to define a Pus-filled vesicle?

A

Pustule

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7
Q

What term is used to define the colour change of redness?

A

Erythema

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8
Q

What does palpable mean?

A

To be able to be touched or felt

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9
Q

What is a Macule?

A

A non palpable area of discolouration (Flat lesions = e.g freckles)

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10
Q

What is the term to define a Macule that is over 2cm in size?

A

Patch

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11
Q

What is a Patch?

A

A non palpable area of discolouration that is over 2cm in size

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12
Q

What is a flat lesion called when it is both palpable and has an area of over 2cm?

A

Plaque

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13
Q

What does the term Excoriations mean?

A

Scratches

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14
Q

What is the term to define stretch marks?

A

Striae

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15
Q

Term to describe an itch

A

Pruritus

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16
Q

Term to describe Thinning

A

Atrophy

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17
Q

Term to describe Thread vein

A

Telangiectasia

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18
Q

What can scaling also be called?

A

Ichthyosis

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19
Q

What is Erosion?

A

Loss of the epidermis (superficial so the top layer)

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20
Q

Define an Ucler

A

Loss of Epidermis and dermis (so deep loss)
Often Hypodermis is visible

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21
Q

What is Lichenification?

A

Thickening of the skin with exaggerated skin markings (bruising)

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22
Q

What is Hirsutism?

A

Too much hair

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23
Q

What is Alopecia?

A

Too little/no/thinning hair

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24
Q

What are the 3 main events that take place in Inflammation?

A

Vasodilation
Increased micro vascular permeability
Influx of leukocytes

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25
Q

The 5 important signs of Inflammation

A

Rubor
Tumor
Calor
Dolor (symptom)
Function laesa

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26
Q

What is Rubor?

A

Redness (erythema)

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27
Q

What is Tumor?

A

Swelling (Like a tumour)

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28
Q

What is Calor?

A

Heat
(CALORies are burnt releasing HEAT)

29
Q

What is Dolor?

A

Pain
(Symptom not sign)

30
Q

What is Functio laesa?

A

Loss of function

31
Q

List 6 common skin conditions

A

-Psoriasis
-Eczema
-Malignant Melanoma
-Vitiligo
-Alopecia Areata
-Acne

32
Q

What is caused in Psoriasis?

A

Red, flaky, crusty patches of skin that are covered in silvery scales

33
Q

Where are patches most commonly found in Psoriasis?

A

Extensor region of Elbows and Knees
Scalp
Lower back

34
Q

What type of disease is Psoriasis?

A

Auto immune disease
Likely inherited

35
Q

What causes the red flaky crusty silver scaled patches of skin in Psoriasis?

A

Reduced Transit time of Keratinocyte form basal layer to Stratum Corneum (Abundance of Stratum Corneum)

The cells don’t have enough time to mature/differentiate (Parakeratosis)
Increased vascularity of upper dermis (erythema)

36
Q

What is Parakereatosis?

A

The incomplete maturation of keratinocytes casuing them to retain their nuclei
Causes the Stratum Corneum to retain nuclei in cells

37
Q

Signs that may indicate Psoriasis

A

Pitting and discolouration of nails
Swollen joints (Psoriatic arthritits)

38
Q

What is Topical Treatment?

A

Treatment added/applied to particular place in the body
For example like a cream or lotion

Think topic is about 1 thing, added to 1 place

39
Q

What is Systemic treatment?

A

Treatment that uses drugs that travel through the blood stream reaching and affecting cells all over the body

40
Q

What 2 types of categories are there for treatments of the Skin?

A

Topical Treatments (Try Topical Steroids)
Systemic Treatments

Always try Topical Treatments first since they cause less side effects

41
Q

Biopsychosocial impact of Psoriasis

A

People are treated as if they are contagious when psoriasis is not contagious

42
Q

Common triggers of Psoriasis

A

Injury to skin
Excess alcohol
Smoking
Stress

43
Q

What is Eczema?

A

Chronic Skin Inflammation
Skin inflammation = Dermatitis

44
Q

What causes Eczema?

A

Internal Cause (Atopy/Atopic Dermatitis)
External cause (occupation related for example)

45
Q

What is Atopy?
(Triad)

A

Asthma
Hay fever
Eczema

46
Q

Main symptoms of Eczema

A

Red, dry, itchy skin rash
Patches usually seen in creases of elbows and knees (flexor region)
Inflammation, cracking and bleeding may occur

47
Q

Treatments for Eczema

A

Topical Steroids
Systemic (Anti-histamines)

48
Q

What is malignant melanoma?

A

Skin cancer that affects Melanocytes (Cells that produce Melanosomes that make Melanin)

49
Q

Risk factors for Malignant Melanoma

A

Genetics (CDKN2A mutation)
UV Exposure
Type of skin

50
Q

Biopsychosocial effects of Eczema

A

CHildren have worse quality of life
Children may miss days off school, skip activities, social isolation

51
Q

2 Types of Malignant Melanoma

A

Nodular Melanomas
Lentigo maligna

52
Q

What characterises a Nodular Melanoma?

A

Lump changing colour like black to red

Often bleed or ooze as a symptom

53
Q

How is Lentigo Maligna characterised

A

Initially flat and develop sideways (slowly)
May gradually get bigger and change shape

54
Q

How is Malignant melanoma treated

A

Wide local excision (surgically removed if not too deep)

Radio/chemotherapy (bad side effects)

55
Q

What is Vitiligo?

A

Long term condition where pale white patches develop on the skin due to lack of pigmentation (lack of melanin production)

56
Q

What causes vitiligo?

A

Autoimmune condition
Hereditary (genetics)
Trigger events (stress)

57
Q

What are the 2 Types of Vitiligo?

A

Segmental (Unilateral vitiligo)
Non-segmental (Bilateral vitiligo)

58
Q

What is non-segmental Vitiligo?

A

When the symptoms appear SYMMETRICALLY on both sides of the body as white patches

MOST COMMON FORM OF VITILIGO

59
Q

What is segmental vitiligo?

A

When the symptoms of vitiligo (the white patches) only affect one part of the body

Less common form of Vitiligo

60
Q

Biopsychosocial problems with Vitiligo

A

Discredited stigma

61
Q

Treating vitiligo

A

Topical steroids
Make up (cosmetic camouflage)
Sunscreen
Calcineurin inhibitors (immunosuppressants)

62
Q

What causes non segmental vitiligo?

A

Autoimmune condition
T Cells attack and destroy healthy Melanocytes
Less melanosomes so less melanin produced to protect DNA from UV damage

63
Q

What causes segmental vitiligo?

A

Nerve endings in skin release neurochemicals
Neurochemicals increase [ROS]
Causes melanocytes to autolyse (so less melanin)

64
Q

What causes Alopecia?

A

Autoimmune condition
Bodies T cells attack healthy hair follicles and suppress or stop growth

65
Q

What is Acne?

A

Skin condition affecting the sebaceous glands

66
Q

What are sebaceous glands?

A

Holocrine glands that produce and release sebum

Sebum = mixture of oils
Lubricates skin protecting it from friction

67
Q

Symptoms of Comedonal Acne = Non inflammatory acne

A

Open Comedones = black head (melanin trapped in open pits

Closed Comedones = White heads (hair follicle is blocked) Papules

68
Q

Symptoms of Inflammatory Acne

A

Pimples filled with pus (dead cells and oils)
Pustules
Scars

Y1 - Body Logs (25 decks)

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