Lecture 20: Chronic Inflammation Flashcards
What is the time period of acute inflammation?
Hours - days
What type of immunity is acute inflammation?
Innate immunity
What is the time period of chronic inflammation?
Weeks-months-years.
What type of immunity is chronic inflammation?
Innate & adaptive immunity.
What are 3 outcomes of Acute inflammation?
- Resolution
- Repair
- Chronic inflammation
What is granulation tissue?
Granulation tissue is reddish connective tissue that forms on the surface of a wound when the wound is healing.
Key features of chronic inflammation?
Inflammation of prolonged duration.
Concomitant tissue destruction and repair.
Mononuclear inflammatory cells.
Fibrosis.
What causes chronic inflammation to arise?
Progression from acute e.g. helicobacter pylori.
Recurrent episodes of acute e.g. chronic cholecystitis.
Persistent infection by certain microorganisms (difficult to remove).e.g. TB, leprosy
Prolonged exposure to potentially toxic agents (endogenous e.g. bone, exogenous e.g. asbestos fibres, sutures).
Autoimmunity e.g. Hashimoto’s thyroiditis.
Unknown e.g. Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, sarcoidosis
Effects of Chronic inflammation due to prolonged exposure to toxic agents which are difficult to phagocytose?
asbestos body
Interstitial fluid
Macrophages’ journey in the body:
Bone marrow (Pluripotent stem cell - Myeloid stem cell)
Blood (Monocyte)
Tissues (Macrophage to Microglia, Kupffer cells, Alveolar macrophages, Osteoclasts or Activated macrophages)
how does chronic inflammation affect granulation tissue?
New blood vessels (angiogenesis)
Collagen deposition by fibroblasts -> scar
What is granuloma?
Granuloma= collection of activated epithelioid macrophages (pink cytoplasm, indistinct cell membranes, oval nucleus)
May also contain multinucleate giant cells
What surrounds granuloma?
Surrounded by mononuclear leucocytes
Are granuloma’s caseating or non- caseating?
Can be either
6 types of granulomatous inflammation?
Bacterial (TB, leprosy, syphilis, cat-scratch)
Parasitic (schistosomiasis)
Fungal (histoplasma, cryptococcus)
Inorganic metals or dust (silicosis, berylliosis)
Foreign body (suture, vascular graft)
Unknown (sarcoidosis, ulcerative colitis)
Give the five key characteristics of inflammation:
1) redness (rubor)
2) heat (calor)
3) swelling (tumor)
4) pain (dolor)
5) loss of function
How does repair take place in acute inflammation?
organisation using granulation tissue
True or false: chronic inflammation uses both innate and adaptive immune responses
True
What three immune cells are most abundant in chronic inflammation?
1) macrophages
2) lymphocytes
3) plasma cells
Give 3 common systemic complications associated with chronic inflammation:
1) amyloidosis
2) cachexia
3) anaemia
What is amyloidosis?
deposition of a amyloid protein in organs
What is cachexia?
extreme wasting and malnutrition
What causes fibrosis in chronic inflammation?
concomitant tissue destruction and repair
Give 5 circumstances where chronic inflammation arises:
1) progression from acute inflammation
2) recurrent episodes of acute inflammation
3) persistent infection by microorganisms
4) prolonged exposure to potentially toxic agents
5) autoimmune
