lecture 2 - transitions

Question 1

Define transitions

Answer 1

A change in the assumptions about oneself and the world and requires a corresponding change in one’s behavior and relationships

Question 2

Are transitions age related or sports specific

Answer 2

yes

Question 3

Describe and give examples of normative and non-normative transitions

Answer 3

Normative transitions are predictable and expected as part of definitive age related biological and social changes. usually found to an organisational setting or the socialization process. moving to uni
Non-Normative aren’t planned nor expected and are the results of important changes. getting an injury

Question 4

Describe transitions from the DSMP

Answer 4

Sampling phase to specialization phase = may lead to training demands increasing, increased expectations or increased competition.
specialization = same demands
if we can anticipate this within an athlete and know what they’ll go through, then we can make it easier for them

Question 5

What is the Holistic athletic career model and why is it different to the DSMP

Answer 5

DSMP only focuses on the athletic transitions, the HACM considers non-sporting transitions, it is important to get coaches to understand this as they can be detrimental and demanding.
4 other levels are;
psychological level; cognitive changes during adolescence
Psychosocial; parental dependence shifts towards peers and coaches
Academic: mainly normative transitions
Financial: changes in access to funding and who athletes are dependent on

Question 6

Define PST

Answer 6

Psychological skills training is systematic and consistent practice of mental psychological skills

Question 7

Explain on Self awareness

Answer 7

Lack of SA is when we become dependent on others whilst being overly concerned with outcomes
Focus on routine behaviors and assess the routine so it can be replicated whilst also evaluating own performance
focus on specific tasks and then make them concentrate under pressure whilst understanding key arousal levels

Question 8

how is SA developed

Answer 8

Performance profiling 
sports journal 
discussions 
questionnaires
imagery

Question 9

explain goal setting

Answer 9

Specific proficiency standard on a task within a time period
needs appropriate guidance
3 types of goals; Performance -enhance performance relative to own experiences
outcome; focused on results
process; procedures that’ll enhance performance
consequences; better performance and self confidence

Question 10

What are the 3 lectures opinions on goal setting

Answer 10

Locke 1981; develop new strategies whilst directing attention to other parts of performance
Burton 1983; Performance linked to anxiety motivation and self confidence this can decrease performance
Garland 1985: Performance expectancy self efficacy related to performance loss;

USE SMART

Question 11

explain Imagery

Answer 11

creating or recreating an experience in the mind, by using visual, kinaesthetic olfactory and auditory experiences.
they all increase physical and perceptual and psychological skills
have to decide whether the imagery is internal or external and needs to be used in conjunction with practice
PETTLEP

Question 12

Expand on the acronym of PETTLEP

Answer 12

Physical nature of the environment 
Specifics of the environment 
type of task
timing of movement 
learning of context
emotion of movement 
perspective of person

Question 13

Expand on relaxation techniques

Answer 13

Control anxiety and muscle tension, need to identify optimum levels of arousal
doen through breathing exercises and techniques and progression muscular relaxation.