Lecture 2: Arterial Hemodynamics

Question 1

what do arteries transport? (3)

Answer 1

blood, gases, nutrients

Question 2

arteries functions with ___ whereas veins function with ___

Answer 2

arteries: heart contracts
veins: respiration

Question 3

what type of energy does the heart provide to move the blood?

Answer 3

pressure energy/potential energy

Question 4

where is the highest amount of pressure in the body?

Answer 4

heart

Question 5

what happens to mean pressure as blood moves away from the heart?

Answer 5

decreases

Question 6

what 2 things does blood need to travel?

Answer 6

1. route
2. pressure gradient

Question 7

what is the total energy in the body?

Answer 7

total energy = potential energy + kinetic energy + gravitational/hydrostatic pressure

Question 8

systole occurs during left ventricle ___; diastole occurs during left ventricle ____

Answer 8

contraction; relaxation

Question 9

there is an ___ in energy during systole

Answer 9

increase

Question 10

there is an ___ in velocity during systole

Answer 10

increase

Question 11

what type of blood flow is at the entrance of large arteries &. vessels?

Answer 11

plug

Question 12

what type of blood flow has the same velocity across the entire lumen?

Answer 12

plug

Question 13

what type of blood flow travels in layers at different speeds?

Answer 13

laminar/parabolic

Question 14

what type of blood flow is the normal physiologic state?

Answer 14

laminar

Question 15

what are the causes for disturbed blood flow?

Answer 15

1. change in blood vessel direction
2. change in velocity

Question 16

where is a normal location for disturbed blood flow in the carotids?

Answer 16

bulb of carotid

Question 17

where is a normal location for turbulent flow?

Answer 17

at bifurcations

Question 18

what are 2 abnormal locations for turbulent flow?

Answer 18

1. at area of stenosis
2. post stenotic area

Question 19

what is poiseuille’s equation?

Answer 19

Q=P/R

Question 20

what is the equivalent of pouiselle’s law in relation to electricity?

Answer 20

ohm’s law (I=E/R)

Question 21

what factors affect resistance? (3)

Answer 21

1. viscosity
2. friction
3. vessel diameter

Question 22

bernoulli’s principle states that ___ & ____ are inversely related

Answer 22

pressure & velocity

Question 23

reynold’s number predicts the onset of ____ flow

Answer 23

turbulent

Question 24

what is reynold’s number equation?

Answer 24

reynold’s # = (velocity)(density)(2radius)/viscosity

Question 25

what are the most important factors for blood flow in the body?

Answer 25

radius & viscosity

Question 26

reynold’s number for disturbed flow?

Answer 26

2000-2300

Question 27

reynold’s number for turbulent flow?

Answer 27

> 2300

Question 28

the windkessel effect states that arteries are non-compliant. T/F?

Answer 28

false – arteries are compliant - open & noncompressible