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DMS 500 Vascular > Class 20: Abdominal Vascular Pathology > Flashcards

Class 20: Abdominal Vascular Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

where is the most common location for a dissecting aneurysm to occur?

A

thoracic aorta

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2
Q

where is the most common location for a saccular aneurysm to occur?

A

thoracic aorta

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3
Q

where is the most common location for a fusiform aneurysm to occur?

A

infrarenal

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4
Q

what are 2 common causes for a dissecting aneurysm?

A
  1. idiopathic
  2. marfan’s syndrome
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5
Q

what is marfan’s syndrome?

A

a connective tissue disease leading to a weak tunica media

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6
Q

ultrasound appearance of a dissecting aneurysm?

A

double channel with a vibrant intimal flap

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7
Q

3 most common sites of aneurysms

A
  1. infrarenal
  2. distal aorta
  3. common iliacs
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8
Q

4 common causes of aneurysms

A
  1. atherosclerosis
  2. congenital disorders
  3. giant cell arteritis
  4. infection
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9
Q

what is giant cell arteritis?

A

inflammatory disease of blood vessels

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10
Q

S&S of AAA?

A
  1. abdominal, back, or groin pain
  2. palpable pulsatile abdominal mass
  3. 30-60% patients are asymptomatic & discovered incidentally
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11
Q

when is surgical intervention needed for AAA?

A
  1. when aneurysm is 5+ cm
  2. aneurysm is < 5cm but grows >1 cm/year
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12
Q

normal proximal aorta measurement?

A

2.3 cm

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13
Q

normal mid aorta measurement?

A

2.0 cm

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14
Q

normal distal aorta measurement?

A

1.8. cm

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15
Q

normal aorta measurement before bifurcation?

A

1.5 cm

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16
Q

what is aorta ectasia?

A

aorta is up to 3.0 cm; genetic, normal; all organs are typically large

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17
Q

when is the aorta considered aneurysmal?

A

> 3 cm

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18
Q

why does thrombus usually form at the walls of an aneurysm?

A

velocities at walls are decreased, leading to stagnant blood during diastole

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19
Q

the main portal vein is formed by which 2 veins?

A
  1. SMV
  2. splenic v
20
Q

the right portal vein divides into which two branches?

A

anterior & posterior branch

21
Q

the left portal vein divides into which two branches?

A

medial & lateral branches

22
Q

the portal veins course ___-segmentally in the liver

A

intrasegmetally

23
Q

the hepatic veins course ____-segmentally in the liver

A

intersegmentally

24
Q

the hepatic veins have more echogenic walls than the portal veins. T/F?

25
what is the normal diameter of the main portal vein?
< 13 mm
26
normal flow of the portal vein with measurement?
low velocity, continuous flow 20-40 cm/s
27
normal portal vein flow is hepatofugal. T/F?
false -- hepatopedal
28
what is portal hypertension?
increased pressure in portal vein due to increased impedance of flow through liver
29
3 causes for portal hypertension?
1. prehepatic 2. intrahepatic 3. posthepatic
30
normal measurement for spleen?
< 13 cm
31
when evaluating the portal vein, all doppler should have low ___ & ___ ___
PRF/scale & wall filter
32
what are 2 porto-systemic shunts when there is portal HTN?
1. recanalized paraumbilical vein/ligamentum teres 2. splenorenal shunt
33
with a splenorenal shunt, where is the flow going?
from splenic vein to left renal vein
34
what does TIPS stand for?
transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt
35
what is TIPS?
a stent is placed in the liver between portal vein & hepatic vein
36
what is the purpose for TIPS?
decompression of portal venous system
37
what does the right hepatic vein divide the liver into?
divides the right lobe into anterior & posterior segments
38
what does the middle hepatic vein divide the liver into?
divides the liver into left & right lobe
39
what does the left hepatic vein divide the liver into?
divides the left lobe into medial & lateral segments
40
what is another name for the medial segment of the left lobe of the liver?
quadrate lobe
41
what is budd-chiari syndrome?
hepatic vein outflow obstruction
42
with budd-chiari syndrome, there may be no visualization of the ___ ___ ____
right hepatic vein
43
with budd-chiari, there may be discontinuity between the ___ ___ ___ & ___
main hepatic vein & IVC
44
with budd-chiari, you may find a ___ flow in the hepatic veins
reversed
45
with budd-chiari, what findings may arise with the IVC?
no flow slow flow bidirectional flow narrowing

DMS 500 Vascular (20 decks)

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