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DMS 500 Vascular > Class 20: Abdominal Vascular Pathology > Flashcards

Class 20: Abdominal Vascular Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

where is the most common location for a dissecting aneurysm to occur?

A

thoracic aorta

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2
Q

where is the most common location for a saccular aneurysm to occur?

A

thoracic aorta

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3
Q

where is the most common location for a fusiform aneurysm to occur?

A

infrarenal

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4
Q

what are 2 common causes for a dissecting aneurysm?

A
  1. idiopathic
  2. marfan’s syndrome
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5
Q

what is marfan’s syndrome?

A

a connective tissue disease leading to a weak tunica media

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6
Q

ultrasound appearance of a dissecting aneurysm?

A

double channel with a vibrant intimal flap

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7
Q

3 most common sites of aneurysms

A
  1. infrarenal
  2. distal aorta
  3. common iliacs
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8
Q

4 common causes of aneurysms

A
  1. atherosclerosis
  2. congenital disorders
  3. giant cell arteritis
  4. infection
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9
Q

what is giant cell arteritis?

A

inflammatory disease of blood vessels

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10
Q

S&S of AAA?

A
  1. abdominal, back, or groin pain
  2. palpable pulsatile abdominal mass
  3. 30-60% patients are asymptomatic & discovered incidentally
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11
Q

when is surgical intervention needed for AAA?

A
  1. when aneurysm is 5+ cm
  2. aneurysm is < 5cm but grows >1 cm/year
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12
Q

normal proximal aorta measurement?

A

2.3 cm

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13
Q

normal mid aorta measurement?

A

2.0 cm

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14
Q

normal distal aorta measurement?

A

1.8. cm

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15
Q

normal aorta measurement before bifurcation?

A

1.5 cm

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16
Q

what is aorta ectasia?

A

aorta is up to 3.0 cm; genetic, normal; all organs are typically large

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17
Q

when is the aorta considered aneurysmal?

A

> 3 cm

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18
Q

why does thrombus usually form at the walls of an aneurysm?

A

velocities at walls are decreased, leading to stagnant blood during diastole

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19
Q

the main portal vein is formed by which 2 veins?

A
  1. SMV
  2. splenic v
20
Q

the right portal vein divides into which two branches?

A

anterior & posterior branch

21
Q

the left portal vein divides into which two branches?

A

medial & lateral branches

22
Q

the portal veins course ___-segmentally in the liver

A

intrasegmetally

23
Q

the hepatic veins course ____-segmentally in the liver

A

intersegmentally

24
Q

the hepatic veins have more echogenic walls than the portal veins. T/F?

A

false

25
Q

what is the normal diameter of the main portal vein?

A

< 13 mm

26
Q

normal flow of the portal vein with measurement?

A

low velocity, continuous flow
20-40 cm/s

27
Q

normal portal vein flow is hepatofugal. T/F?

A

false – hepatopedal

28
Q

what is portal hypertension?

A

increased pressure in portal vein due to increased impedance of flow through liver

29
Q

3 causes for portal hypertension?

A
  1. prehepatic
  2. intrahepatic
  3. posthepatic
30
Q

normal measurement for spleen?

A

< 13 cm

31
Q

when evaluating the portal vein, all doppler should have low ___ & ___ ___

A

PRF/scale & wall filter

32
Q

what are 2 porto-systemic shunts when there is portal HTN?

A
  1. recanalized paraumbilical vein/ligamentum teres
  2. splenorenal shunt
33
Q

with a splenorenal shunt, where is the flow going?

A

from splenic vein to left renal vein

34
Q

what does TIPS stand for?

A

transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt

35
Q

what is TIPS?

A

a stent is placed in the liver between portal vein & hepatic vein

36
Q

what is the purpose for TIPS?

A

decompression of portal venous system

37
Q

what does the right hepatic vein divide the liver into?

A

divides the right lobe into anterior & posterior segments

38
Q

what does the middle hepatic vein divide the liver into?

A

divides the liver into left & right lobe

39
Q

what does the left hepatic vein divide the liver into?

A

divides the left lobe into medial & lateral segments

40
Q

what is another name for the medial segment of the left lobe of the liver?

A

quadrate lobe

41
Q

what is budd-chiari syndrome?

A

hepatic vein outflow obstruction

42
Q

with budd-chiari syndrome, there may be no visualization of the ___ ___ ____

A

right hepatic vein

43
Q

with budd-chiari, there may be discontinuity between the ___ ___ ___ & ___

A

main hepatic vein & IVC

44
Q

with budd-chiari, you may find a ___ flow in the hepatic veins

A

reversed

45
Q

with budd-chiari, what findings may arise with the IVC?

A

no flow
slow flow
bidirectional flow
narrowing

DMS 500 Vascular (20 decks)

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