Class 10: LEA Scanning Flashcards
proximal to an aneurysm in the LE, what type of waveform can you expect to see?
triphasic (normal)
what type of waveform can you expect to see post aneurysm or distal to ischemia in the LE?
low resistance – biphasic or monophasic
when does a pseudoaneurysm form?
when a puncture of an artery fails to close, such as catheter insertion
what type of flow can be seen in a pseudoaneurysm?
double direction blood flow
– to-fro/yin-yang sign
what can be seen with a pseudoaneurysm that isn’t there with an aneurysm?
communication channel
what plane is the most diagnostic for arterial disease?
SAG
a ratio of 2:1 for pre-stenotic PSV & stenotic PSV means a ___% DR or a velocity increase of ___%
50%; 100%
a ratio of 4:1 for pre-stenotic PSV & stenotic PSV means a __% DR
75%
what are two types of treatments for severe arterial stenosis?
- bypass grafts
- percutaneous intervention
4 types of percutaneous intervention for severe stenosis?
- angioplasty
- stent placement
- atherectomy
- local thrombolysis
two types of graft material?
- synthetic
- autologous veins
5 types for LEA bypass grafts?
- aortobifemoral
- femorofemoral (fem-fem)
- axillofemoral
- femoropopliteal (fem-pop)
- femorotibial or popliteal-tibial
two ways to image LEA grafts?
- prox native inflow artery –> distal native outflow artery
- prox anastomosis –> mid graft –> distal anastomosis
what should velocities in LEA grafts be?
> 40 cm/sec
for in situ vein grafts, what is the resistance & velocity at the proximal area of the graft?
decreased resistance
increased velocity
for reversed saphenous vein grafts, what is the resistance & velocity at the proximal area of the graft?
increased resistance
decreased velocity
velocity for LEA with 50%+ stenosis?
> or = 150 cm/sec
2 types of stents?
- palmaz stent
- wall stent
what is a palmaz stent?
stent used with balloon angioplasty catheter
what is a wall stent?
a stent that automatically expands without balloon catheter
what is the most common peripheral artery aneurysm?
popliteal artery aneurysm
diameter of a popliteal artery aneurysm?
> /= 2 cm
treatment of a popliteal artery aneurysm?
surgery
what is a baker’s cyst?
extrusion of synovial fluid posterior to the knee joint
what LEA pathology communicates with the knee joint and may extend to the calf & thigh?
baker’s cyst
what LEA pathology can lead to bulging at the back of the knee?
baker’s cyst
what are baker’s cysts associated with?
- rheumatoid arthritis
- trauma
what are arterial ulcers caused by?
arterial insufficiency due to atherosclerosis
where can arterial ulcers of the LEA be found?
toes, outer ankle, outer bony prominences
a hematoma has __ connection to an artery
no connection
when may hematomas or pseudoaneurysms occur in the LE?
after femoral stick for cardiac catheterization
what is an arteriovenous fistula?
abnormal communication between artery & vein
complication of an AV fistula?
distal ischemia due to blood being stolen from distal arterial circulation –> decreased distal resistance, venous hypertension, thrill
what is popliteal artery entrapment syndrome?
the compression of the pop a. by surrounding muscles
which demographic does pop a. entrapment syndrome most commonly occur in?
young athletic males
S&S of pop a. entrapment syndrome?
calf claudication after running
3 ways to diagnose pop a. entrapment syndrome
- duplex doppler US
- digital subtraction angiography
- CT
what is arteritis?
inflammation with thrombosis of arterial walls
which LE arteries may be affected by arteritis?
tibial & peroneal arteries
another name for buerger’s disease?
thromboangiitis obliterans
what it thromboangiitis obliterans?
small blood vessels of feet and hands become blocked with blood clots
most common demographic affected by buerger’s disease?
20-40 yo males
what is buerger’s disease associated with?
smoking & chewing tobacco
5 S&S of thromboangiitis obliterans?
- pain
- tenderness
- numbness
- skin ulcers on feet & toes
- decreased pulses
