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DMS 500 Vascular > Class 10: LEA Scanning > Flashcards

Class 10: LEA Scanning Flashcards

1
Q

proximal to an aneurysm in the LE, what type of waveform can you expect to see?

A

triphasic (normal)

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2
Q

what type of waveform can you expect to see post aneurysm or distal to ischemia in the LE?

A

low resistance – biphasic or monophasic

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3
Q

when does a pseudoaneurysm form?

A

when a puncture of an artery fails to close, such as catheter insertion

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4
Q

what type of flow can be seen in a pseudoaneurysm?

A

double direction blood flow
– to-fro/yin-yang sign

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5
Q

what can be seen with a pseudoaneurysm that isn’t there with an aneurysm?

A

communication channel

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6
Q

what plane is the most diagnostic for arterial disease?

A

SAG

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7
Q

a ratio of 2:1 for pre-stenotic PSV & stenotic PSV means a ___% DR or a velocity increase of ___%

A

50%; 100%

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8
Q

a ratio of 4:1 for pre-stenotic PSV & stenotic PSV means a __% DR

A

75%

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9
Q

what are two types of treatments for severe arterial stenosis?

A
  1. bypass grafts
  2. percutaneous intervention
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10
Q

4 types of percutaneous intervention for severe stenosis?

A
  1. angioplasty
  2. stent placement
  3. atherectomy
  4. local thrombolysis
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11
Q

two types of graft material?

A
  1. synthetic
  2. autologous veins
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12
Q

5 types for LEA bypass grafts?

A
  1. aortobifemoral
  2. femorofemoral (fem-fem)
  3. axillofemoral
  4. femoropopliteal (fem-pop)
  5. femorotibial or popliteal-tibial
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13
Q

two ways to image LEA grafts?

A
  1. prox native inflow artery –> distal native outflow artery
  2. prox anastomosis –> mid graft –> distal anastomosis
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14
Q

what should velocities in LEA grafts be?

A

> 40 cm/sec

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15
Q

for in situ vein grafts, what is the resistance & velocity at the proximal area of the graft?

A

decreased resistance
increased velocity

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16
Q

for reversed saphenous vein grafts, what is the resistance & velocity at the proximal area of the graft?

A

increased resistance
decreased velocity

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17
Q

velocity for LEA with 50%+ stenosis?

A

> or = 150 cm/sec

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18
Q

2 types of stents?

A
  1. palmaz stent
  2. wall stent
19
Q

what is a palmaz stent?

A

stent used with balloon angioplasty catheter

20
Q

what is a wall stent?

A

a stent that automatically expands without balloon catheter

21
Q

what is the most common peripheral artery aneurysm?

A

popliteal artery aneurysm

22
Q

diameter of a popliteal artery aneurysm?

A

> /= 2 cm

23
Q

treatment of a popliteal artery aneurysm?

A

surgery

24
Q

what is a baker’s cyst?

A

extrusion of synovial fluid posterior to the knee joint

25
Q

what LEA pathology communicates with the knee joint and may extend to the calf & thigh?

A

baker’s cyst

26
Q

what LEA pathology can lead to bulging at the back of the knee?

A

baker’s cyst

27
Q

what are baker’s cysts associated with?

A
  1. rheumatoid arthritis
  2. trauma
28
Q

what are arterial ulcers caused by?

A

arterial insufficiency due to atherosclerosis

29
Q

where can arterial ulcers of the LEA be found?

A

toes, outer ankle, outer bony prominences

30
Q

a hematoma has __ connection to an artery

A

no connection

31
Q

when may hematomas or pseudoaneurysms occur in the LE?

A

after femoral stick for cardiac catheterization

32
Q

what is an arteriovenous fistula?

A

abnormal communication between artery & vein

33
Q

complication of an AV fistula?

A

distal ischemia due to blood being stolen from distal arterial circulation –> decreased distal resistance, venous hypertension, thrill

34
Q

what is popliteal artery entrapment syndrome?

A

the compression of the pop a. by surrounding muscles

35
Q

which demographic does pop a. entrapment syndrome most commonly occur in?

A

young athletic males

36
Q

S&S of pop a. entrapment syndrome?

A

calf claudication after running

37
Q

3 ways to diagnose pop a. entrapment syndrome

A
  1. duplex doppler US
  2. digital subtraction angiography
  3. CT
38
Q

what is arteritis?

A

inflammation with thrombosis of arterial walls

39
Q

which LE arteries may be affected by arteritis?

A

tibial & peroneal arteries

40
Q

another name for buerger’s disease?

A

thromboangiitis obliterans

41
Q

what it thromboangiitis obliterans?

A

small blood vessels of feet and hands become blocked with blood clots

42
Q

most common demographic affected by buerger’s disease?

A

20-40 yo males

43
Q

what is buerger’s disease associated with?

A

smoking & chewing tobacco

44
Q

5 S&S of thromboangiitis obliterans?

A
  1. pain
  2. tenderness
  3. numbness
  4. skin ulcers on feet & toes
  5. decreased pulses

DMS 500 Vascular (20 decks)

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