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DMS 500 Vascular > Class 15: LEV Pathology & Scanning > Flashcards

Class 15: LEV Pathology & Scanning Flashcards

1
Q

5 venous diseases?

A
  1. acute venous thrombosis
  2. chronic venous thrombosis
  3. valvular insufficiency
  4. varicose veins
  5. venous hypertension
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2
Q

what is virchow’s triad?

A

risk factors for venous disease:
1. venous stasis
2. hypercoagulability of blood
3. changes/injury to venous walls

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3
Q

myeloproliferative disorders can cause venous stasis. T/F?

A

false – it can cause hypercoagulability of blood

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4
Q

what are myeloproliferative disorders?

A

abnormal growth of red blood cells in the bone marrow

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5
Q

4 S&S of acute DVT?

A
  1. swelling
  2. pain with acute onset
  3. redness/erythema
  4. warmth
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6
Q

5 S&S of chronic DVT

A
  1. swelling
  2. heaviness
  3. brawny discoloration
  4. ulceration
  5. varicosities
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7
Q

where does brawny discoloration occur and what can it indicate?

A

occurs at the gaiter zone and it can indicate ulcer formation

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8
Q

what is varicositis?

A

inflamed venous wall after developing varicose veins

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9
Q

where can thrombosis form in the deep veins?

A

they can occur anywhere, but the most common location are at the valve cusps

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10
Q

thrombosis can cause ___ restrictions and lead to ___ ___

A

flow restrictions –> venous HTN

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11
Q

what is the most serious consequence of DVT?

A

pulmonary embolism

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12
Q

5 sequela of DVT

A
  1. collateral formation
  2. valvular damage
  3. venous HTN
  4. skin changes
  5. varicose veins
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13
Q

what is valvular damage?

A

vein wall laxity due to stiffened/leaky valves

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14
Q

valvular damage can lead to: (3)

A
  1. skin changes
  2. varicose veins
  3. venous HTN
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15
Q

varicose veins can be separated into two types. what are they?

A
  1. primary
  2. secondary
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16
Q

what are primary varicose veins?

A

these are hereditary, not DVT related, and affects the GSV & LSV

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17
Q

what are secondary varicose veins?

A

incompetent valves of the deep & communicating venous systems

real pathology

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18
Q

what causes secondary varicose veins?

A
  • repeated episodes of DVT
  • pregnancy
  • obesity
19
Q

which type of varicose veins can collaterals form?

A

secondary

20
Q

4 types of skin changes due to DVT?

A
  1. edema
  2. redness, brawny discoloration
  3. phlegmasia alba dolens
  4. phlegmasia cerulea dolens
21
Q

another name for phlegmasia alba dolens?

A

milk leg/white leg

22
Q

what is phlegmasia alba dolens?

A

extensive acute iliofemoral DVT –> arterial spasms –> severe swelling

23
Q

what is phlegmasia cerulea dolens?

A

DVT –> decreased venous outflow –> deceased arterial flow –> tissue hypoxia –> cyanosis –> gangrene

24
Q

where are venous ulcers located?

A

near the medial malleolus

25
Q

where are arterial ulcers located?

A

outer bony prominences, toes, tibial area

26
Q

pain level of venous ulcers?

A

mild

27
Q

pain level of arterial ulcers?

A

severe

28
Q

appearance of venous ulcers?

A
  • irregular and shallow
  • venous ooze
  • brawny discoloration
  • varicosities
29
Q

appearance of arterial ulcers?

A
  • regular & deep
  • little bleeding
  • skin is shiny & hairless
  • thickened toenails
30
Q

patient position for LEV duplex scanning

A
  • reversed trendelenberg (torso elevated 10-20 degrees)
  • hips rotated externally
31
Q

a diagnostic criteria for DVT includes ____ to compress vein

A

inability to compress vein

32
Q

a diagnostic criteria for DVT includes ____ thrombus

A

visualization of a thrombus

33
Q

a diagnostic criteria for DVT is the vein looks ____

A

distended

34
Q

a diagnostic criteria for DVT includes ____ Doppler signals

A

abnormal

35
Q

a diagnostic criteria for DVT includes ___ or ____ augmentation

A

reduced/absent augmentation

36
Q

a diagnostic criteria for DVT includes ___ or ___ color

A

reduced/absent CD

37
Q

U/S appearance of acute DVT (5)

A
  1. may be sonolucent
  2. spongy
  3. loosely attached/tail of the dog
  4. expansion of lumen
  5. no collaterals
38
Q

U/S appearance of chronic DVT (5)

A
  1. echogenic thrombus
  2. well attached
  3. smaller vessel size
  4. irregular vein walls
  5. collaterals have formed
39
Q

3 treatment options for DVT

A
  1. medical treatment
  2. anticoagulant treatment
  3. surgical treatment
40
Q

surgical treatment for DVT is for patients who can’t use ____ treatment

A

anticoagulant

41
Q

what type of device is inserted in the IVC to break up clots?

A

venal caval interruption devices/green field filters

42
Q

3 other imaging modalities for LEV

A
  1. isotope venography
  2. contrast venography/phlebography
  3. lung perfusion scan
43
Q

abnormal waveform for lower extremity venous?

A

steady continuous flow without breaks during respiration

DMS 500 Vascular (20 decks)

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