Class 9: LEA Anatomy

Question 1

length of capillaries?

Answer 1

no more than 1 mm

Question 2

diameter of capillaries?

Answer 2

8-10 microns

Question 3

5 mechanisms for controlling blood flow?

Answer 3

1. cardiac output
2. wall resistance
3. compliance of arteries
4. vasoconstriction
5. vasodilation

Question 4

what type of resistance can you find below the renal arteries/

Answer 4

high resistance

Question 5

what type of flow pattern can you see after exercise?

Answer 5

low resistance flow

Question 6

what flow pattern can you see after aggressive exercise?

Answer 6

low resistance flow drops even more – can show only monophasic waveform (systole only)

Question 7

what are the 3 phases of triphasic flow?

Answer 7

1. systole
2. early diastole
3. late diastole

Question 8

why is there an early diastole in a triphasic waveform?

Answer 8

this is retrograde flow back towards the heart. arteries in UE & LE are smaller, so some flow goes backwards before continuing forward

Question 9

what is chronic occlusive disease of LE caused by?

Answer 9

atherosclerotic plaque accumulation

Question 10

what is acute occlusive disease of the LE?

Answer 10

sudden onset of symptoms due to a blood clot moving throughout the bloodstream

Question 11

what is claudication?

Answer 11

a reproducible symptom complex brought on by the same level of activity

Question 12

claudication is unpredictable. T/F?

Answer 12

false

Question 13

4 causes of claudication?

Answer 13

1. arterial spasm
2. atherosclerosis
3. arteriosclerosis
4. arterial occlusion

Question 14

what is arteriosclerosis?

Answer 14

hardening of arterial walls

Question 15

what are differential diagnoses of claudication?

Answer 15

neurogenic or musculoskeletal injury

Question 16

buttock claudication suggests which disease location?

Answer 16

aortoiliac disease

Question 17

thigh claudication suggests which disease location?

Answer 17

DIST EIA or CFA disease

Question 18

calf claudication suggests which disease location?

Answer 18

SFA or popliteal artery disease

Question 19

what relieves rest pain claudication?

Answer 19

dependency of the limb

Question 20

6 other signs of LE chronic arterial disease?

Answer 20

1. hair loss
2. trophic nail changes
3. skin changes
4. decreased pulses
5. sensation changes
6. dependent rubor

Question 21

mild S&S of arterial disease are possible ___ pedal pulses and ___ ankle BP with exercise

Answer 21

decrease; decrease

Question 22

moderate S&S of arterial disease are intermittent ____ & significant decrease in ankle BP during ____

Answer 22

claudication; exercise

Question 23

severe S&S of arterial disease is pain in feet & toes during ___

Answer 23

rest

Question 24

arterial ulcers are a sign of mild arterial disease. T/F?

Answer 24

false, severe arterial disease

Question 25

what stage of chronic arterial disease may a patient be in that has tissue death/gangrene?

Answer 25

severe

Question 26

with severe arterial disease, arteries will ____ at rest

Answer 26

vasodilate

Question 27

with severe arterial disease, resistance will ____ distally and lead to a ____ waveform

Answer 27

decrease resistance –> monophasic waveform

Question 28

severe disease will lead to a ____ systole rise time

Answer 28

delayed

Question 29

what are the 5 P’s of acute LE arterial disease?

Answer 29

1. pain
2. pallor
3. pulselessness
4. paralysis
5. paresthesia

Question 30

what is gangrene?

Answer 30

tissue necrosis/death

Question 31

2 types of gangrene?

Answer 31

1. wet
2. dry

Question 32

what causes wet gangrene?

Answer 32

bacterial infection

Question 33

what causes dry gangrene?

Answer 33

no circulation due to trauma

Question 34

why do diabetics suffer from limb loss?

Answer 34

due to impaired peripheral blood flow