Class 9: LEA Anatomy Flashcards
length of capillaries?
no more than 1 mm
diameter of capillaries?
8-10 microns
5 mechanisms for controlling blood flow?
- cardiac output
- wall resistance
- compliance of arteries
- vasoconstriction
- vasodilation
what type of resistance can you find below the renal arteries/
high resistance
what type of flow pattern can you see after exercise?
low resistance flow
what flow pattern can you see after aggressive exercise?
low resistance flow drops even more – can show only monophasic waveform (systole only)
what are the 3 phases of triphasic flow?
- systole
- early diastole
- late diastole
why is there an early diastole in a triphasic waveform?
this is retrograde flow back towards the heart. arteries in UE & LE are smaller, so some flow goes backwards before continuing forward
what is chronic occlusive disease of LE caused by?
atherosclerotic plaque accumulation
what is acute occlusive disease of the LE?
sudden onset of symptoms due to a blood clot moving throughout the bloodstream
what is claudication?
a reproducible symptom complex brought on by the same level of activity
claudication is unpredictable. T/F?
false
4 causes of claudication?
- arterial spasm
- atherosclerosis
- arteriosclerosis
- arterial occlusion
what is arteriosclerosis?
hardening of arterial walls
what are differential diagnoses of claudication?
neurogenic or musculoskeletal injury
buttock claudication suggests which disease location?
aortoiliac disease
thigh claudication suggests which disease location?
DIST EIA or CFA disease
calf claudication suggests which disease location?
SFA or popliteal artery disease
what relieves rest pain claudication?
dependency of the limb
6 other signs of LE chronic arterial disease?
- hair loss
- trophic nail changes
- skin changes
- decreased pulses
- sensation changes
- dependent rubor
mild S&S of arterial disease are possible ___ pedal pulses and ___ ankle BP with exercise
decrease; decrease
moderate S&S of arterial disease are intermittent ____ & significant decrease in ankle BP during ____
claudication; exercise
severe S&S of arterial disease is pain in feet & toes during ___
rest
arterial ulcers are a sign of mild arterial disease. T/F?
false, severe arterial disease
what stage of chronic arterial disease may a patient be in that has tissue death/gangrene?
severe
with severe arterial disease, arteries will ____ at rest
vasodilate
with severe arterial disease, resistance will ____ distally and lead to a ____ waveform
decrease resistance –> monophasic waveform
severe disease will lead to a ____ systole rise time
delayed
what are the 5 P’s of acute LE arterial disease?
- pain
- pallor
- pulselessness
- paralysis
- paresthesia
what is gangrene?
tissue necrosis/death
2 types of gangrene?
- wet
- dry
what causes wet gangrene?
bacterial infection
what causes dry gangrene?
no circulation due to trauma
why do diabetics suffer from limb loss?
due to impaired peripheral blood flow
