Class 9: LEA Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

length of capillaries?

A

no more than 1 mm

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2
Q

diameter of capillaries?

A

8-10 microns

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3
Q

5 mechanisms for controlling blood flow?

A
  1. cardiac output
  2. wall resistance
  3. compliance of arteries
  4. vasoconstriction
  5. vasodilation
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4
Q

what type of resistance can you find below the renal arteries/

A

high resistance

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5
Q

what type of flow pattern can you see after exercise?

A

low resistance flow

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6
Q

what flow pattern can you see after aggressive exercise?

A

low resistance flow drops even more – can show only monophasic waveform (systole only)

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7
Q

what are the 3 phases of triphasic flow?

A
  1. systole
  2. early diastole
  3. late diastole
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8
Q

why is there an early diastole in a triphasic waveform?

A

this is retrograde flow back towards the heart. arteries in UE & LE are smaller, so some flow goes backwards before continuing forward

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9
Q

what is chronic occlusive disease of LE caused by?

A

atherosclerotic plaque accumulation

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10
Q

what is acute occlusive disease of the LE?

A

sudden onset of symptoms due to a blood clot moving throughout the bloodstream

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11
Q

what is claudication?

A

a reproducible symptom complex brought on by the same level of activity

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12
Q

claudication is unpredictable. T/F?

A

false

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13
Q

4 causes of claudication?

A
  1. arterial spasm
  2. atherosclerosis
  3. arteriosclerosis
  4. arterial occlusion
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14
Q

what is arteriosclerosis?

A

hardening of arterial walls

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15
Q

what are differential diagnoses of claudication?

A

neurogenic or musculoskeletal injury

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16
Q

buttock claudication suggests which disease location?

A

aortoiliac disease

17
Q

thigh claudication suggests which disease location?

A

DIST EIA or CFA disease

18
Q

calf claudication suggests which disease location?

A

SFA or popliteal artery disease

19
Q

what relieves rest pain claudication?

A

dependency of the limb

20
Q

6 other signs of LE chronic arterial disease?

A
  1. hair loss
  2. trophic nail changes
  3. skin changes
  4. decreased pulses
  5. sensation changes
  6. dependent rubor
21
Q

mild S&S of arterial disease are possible ___ pedal pulses and ___ ankle BP with exercise

A

decrease; decrease

22
Q

moderate S&S of arterial disease are intermittent ____ & significant decrease in ankle BP during ____

A

claudication; exercise

23
Q

severe S&S of arterial disease is pain in feet & toes during ___

24
Q

arterial ulcers are a sign of mild arterial disease. T/F?

A

false, severe arterial disease

25
what stage of chronic arterial disease may a patient be in that has tissue death/gangrene?
severe
26
with severe arterial disease, arteries will ____ at rest
vasodilate
27
with severe arterial disease, resistance will ____ distally and lead to a ____ waveform
decrease resistance --> monophasic waveform
28
severe disease will lead to a ____ systole rise time
delayed
29
what are the 5 P's of acute LE arterial disease?
1. pain 2. pallor 3. pulselessness 4. paralysis 5. paresthesia
30
what is gangrene?
tissue necrosis/death
31
2 types of gangrene?
1. wet 2. dry
32
what causes wet gangrene?
bacterial infection
33
what causes dry gangrene?
no circulation due to trauma
34
why do diabetics suffer from limb loss?
due to impaired peripheral blood flow