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DMS 500 Vascular > Class 14: LEV Anatomy > Flashcards

Class 14: LEV Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

where are paired veins located in the lower extremity?

A

below the knee

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2
Q

deep venous system runs with the ___

A

arteries

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3
Q

where are superficial veins?

A

just under the skin

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4
Q

what are the veins that transport blood from the superficial to deep venous system called?

A

perforators

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5
Q

where in the lower extremities are more valves located?

A

closer to the feet

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6
Q

where do the common iliac veins join to form the IVC?

A

at the 5th lumbar vertebrae

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7
Q

the CFV comes from the IIV. T/F?

A

false

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8
Q

3 layers of venous wall?

A

tunica externa/adventitia
tunica media
tunica intima

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9
Q

which venous wall contains the vasa vasorum?

A

tunica adventitia

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10
Q

the tunica media of the venous wall is thinner than the arterial venous wall. T/F?

A

true

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11
Q

which are larger: veins or arteries?

A

veins

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12
Q

where do veins transport blood to?

A

back to the heart

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13
Q

veins are not compliant or distensible. T/F?

A

false – veins are highly compliant and distensible

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14
Q

veins have ___ pressure and ___ flow

A

low pressure, steady flow

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15
Q

what is the pressure in the veins compared to arteries?

A

there is a 20 mmHg difference in venous pressure compared to arterial pressure

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16
Q

4 shapes veins can be

A
  1. collapsed
  2. elliptical
  3. round
  4. dumbell
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17
Q

veins will be circular with ____ intraluminal pressure & ____ transmural pressure

A

increased

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18
Q

what is transmural pressure?

A

the difference between intraluminal & interstitial pressures

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19
Q

6 factors influencing venous return

A
  1. pressure gradient
  2. calf muscle pump
  3. valves
  4. respiration
  5. gravity
  6. vasoconstriction
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20
Q

2 other names for calf muscle pump?

A

little heart or venous heart

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21
Q

how does the calf muscle pump work?

A

it’s the contraction of the soleal and gastrocnemius muscles –> the pressure squeezes the blood forward

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22
Q

what is the shape of venous valves?

A

bicuspid

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23
Q

what layer of the veins are the valves a part of?

A

tunica intima

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24
Q

function of venous valves?

A

to prevent the backflow of blood

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25
Q

chronic ___ ____ may cause increased venous pressure

A

venous insufficiency/incompetent valves

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26
Q

how does respiration influence venous return in the LE

A

inspiration decreases venous flow in LE by increasing intra-abdominal pressure and decreasing intrathoracic pressure.

expiration increases venous flow in the LE by decreasing intra-abdominal pressure and increasing intrathoracic pressure

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27
Q

what is the valsalva maneuver?

A

when the patient takes a deep breath & bears down against a closed glottis

28
Q

what is the result of the valsalva maneuver?

A

increased intra-ABD pressure –> stops or slows venous flow in LE

29
Q

if venous flow increases during the valsalva maneuver, venous incompetence may be possible if the reflux continues for ____

A

> 1 sec

30
Q

what is hydrostatic pressure?

A

the weight of a column of blood extending from heart to the point where it’s measured

31
Q

what is the hydrostatic pressure of a supine individual?

A

10 mmHg

32
Q

what is the hydrostatic pressure of a walking individual?

A

25 mmHg

33
Q

what is the hydrostatic pressure of a standing individual?

A

80 mmHg

34
Q

function of hydrostatic pressure in the arterial system?

A

it takes blood from the heart to the toes

35
Q

what condition can occur as a result of standing in one spot for too long?

A

edema

36
Q

what is edema?

A

the accumulation of excess fluid in intercellular spaces

37
Q

what is venomotor tone?

A

the capacity for contraction of the smooth muscle in the tunica media

38
Q

what part of the nervous system controls venomotor tone?

A

sympathetic nervous system

39
Q

venomotor tone compensates for ___ problems

A

circulatory

40
Q

how does venomotor tone compensate for circulatory problems?

A

it can force blood out of veins and into circulation or part of the body where blood is needed (ex: hemorrhage of organ)

41
Q

what are 5 normal doppler findings for LEV?

A
  1. spontaneous flow
  2. phasicity
  3. augmentation
  4. competency of valves
  5. nonpulsatility
42
Q

what is phasicity?

A

change in doppler patterns with respiration

43
Q

what is augmentation?

A

with distal compression, there should be a rush of blood superiorly

44
Q

after augmentation, the doppler waveform crosses the baseline. what may you interpret from this?

A

there is an incompetent valve superior to where you are augmenting

45
Q

veins along the center of the body may take on some ____ due to outside. arterial forces

A

pulsatility

46
Q

4 classifications of the venous system?

A
  1. deep veins
  2. superficial veins
  3. perforators
  4. venous sinuses
47
Q

where are venous sinuses located?

A

between muscles

48
Q

what are the two superficial veins of the lower extremity?

A
  1. greater saphenous vein
  2. lesser/smaller saphenous vein
49
Q

location of the GSV

A

starts at the dorsum of foot –> travels anterior to medial malleolus –> continues medially –> unites with CFV @ SFJ

50
Q

location of the SSV

A

posterior part of the calf –> ascends back of calf to join popliteal vein at SPJ

51
Q

what are perforating veins?

A

veins that form channels of communication bw superficial and deep veins

52
Q

function of perforator valves?

A

ensure unidirectional flow

53
Q

incompetent valves in perforators may lead to __ __ __

A

venous stasis ulcers

54
Q

what are venous sinuses and why are they important?

A

they are spaces that allow blood to pool in the calf muscles. they are important in the calf muscle pump in that the blood pooled here is brought back to PTvv and peroneal vv when. the calf muscle pump contracts

55
Q

what are the calf muscle veins?

A
  1. gastrocnemius vein/gastrocs
  2. soleal veins
56
Q

where does the gastrocs drain to?

A

popliteal vein

57
Q

where do the soleal veins drain to?

A

PT vv & peroneal vv

58
Q

how many valves are in the GSV?

A

10-12

59
Q

how many valves are in the LSV?

A

6-12

60
Q

how many valves are in the perforators?

A

1 each

61
Q

how many valves are in the popliteal vein?

A

1-3

62
Q

how many valves are in the SFV?

A

1-3

63
Q

how many valves are in the CFV?

A

1

64
Q

how many valves are in the CIV?

A

0

65
Q

how many valves are in the IIV?

A

0

66
Q

how often are valves present in the EIV?

A

25% of the time

67
Q

how many valves are inn the IJV?

A

1

DMS 500 Vascular (20 decks)

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