Lecture 1: Intro to Vascular Flashcards

1
Q

what is plaque?

A

fatty, waxy material that can lead to atherosclerosis

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2
Q

which part of the vessel is the lumen?

A

the open part of the vessel where blood flows

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3
Q

what is stenosis?

A

narrowing of an artery

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4
Q

what is a bifurcation?

A

the point where vessels branch

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5
Q

what is collateral circulation?

A

an alternate pathway for blood to flow

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6
Q

what is an embolus?

A

a solid, liquid, or gas traveling in circulation that can cause occlusion

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7
Q

what is hemodynamics?

A

the study of the characteristics of blood flow

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8
Q

what is the doppler effect/shift?

A

a change in frequency due to motion

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9
Q

what is spectral analysis?

A

analysis of the frequency shifts present in pulsed wave doppler signals

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10
Q

what is velocity?

A

speed and direction of blood flow derived from the doppler shift

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11
Q

where is peak systolic velocity on the waveform?

A

the highest point of the waveform

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12
Q

where is the end diastolic velocity on a waveform?

A

the lowest point before the next systole

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13
Q

what are the 3 branches of the aorta?

A
  1. innominate/brachiocephalic artery
  2. left common carotid artery
  3. left subclavian artery
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14
Q

what artery is the landmark for the right proximal CCA?

A

innominate artery

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15
Q

where do the common carotids terminate?

A

at the carotid bifurcation

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16
Q

where do the subclavian arteries terminate? what do they become?

A

thoracic outlet; become axillary artery

17
Q

the CCA is ___ to the trachea & thyroid

18
Q

the CCA is ___ to the IJV

19
Q

the CCA usually bifurcates at the level of the ____

A

thyroid gland

20
Q

name the 4 segments of the ICA

A
  1. cervical
  2. petrous
  3. cavernous
  4. cerebral
21
Q

what are the branches of the ICA at the neck?

A

no branching at the neck

22
Q

the ICA supplies blood to: (4)

A
  1. anterior part of brain
  2. forehead
  3. eyes
  4. nose
23
Q

where does the ICA branch off to the ophthalmic artery?

A

carotid siphon

24
Q

where does the ophthalmic artery enter though?

A

optic foramen

25
what are the 3 branches of the ophthalmic artery?
1. supraorbital a 2. frontal a 3. nasal a
26
where are the terminal branches of the ICA? (2)
1. ACA 2. MCA
27
what 3 structures does the ECA supply blood to?
1. face 2. scalp 3. neck
28
how many branches does the ECA have?
8
29
what is the first branch of the ECA after the bifurcation?
superior thyroid artery
30
what is the branch of the ECA that supplies the forehead?
superficial temporal artery
31
what branch of the ECA provides collateral circulation between the ECA & ICA if ICA is occluded?
superficial temporal artery
32
why do collateral pathways develop?
pressure gradient changes
33
chronic occlusion doesn't allow collaterals to form. T/F?
false -- acute occlusion
34
pressure gradients change as distal pressure (increases/decreases)?
increases
35
3 major pathways for collateral formation in the circle of willis
1. contralateral hemisphere 2. posterior to anterior/anterior to posterior 3. ECA to ICA
36
collaterals can form when stenosis reaches ___%
50%
37