lecture 2 Flashcards
what is the function of the deep fascia
divide the lower limb into muscle compartments and hold them together to increase venous return
what can the superficial fascia also be called
the hypodermis due to its high adipose content
what is the deep fascia of the thigh called
the fascia lata
whats the thickened lateral part of the fascia lata
this is the iliotibial band
what are the muscle compartments of the thigh and what are they separated by
anterior, medial and lateral compartments
medial intermuscular septum septum separates the medial and anterior compartment.
the lateral intermuscular septum separates the posterior and anterior compartment
these septums are extensions of the deep fascia
whats the linear aspera
its the pointy bit on the femur and it points to the posterior compartment of the thigh.
whats the deep fascia thickening called in the leg and the foot
on the leg its the Crural fascia on the foot its the retinaculum
what does the retinaculum do on the foot
these hold/stabilise the tendons of the foot in place and they aid in smooth movement of the tendons
what are the retinaculum of the foot and where are they
on the dorsum of the foot we have the Superior and inferior extensor retinaculum
on the lateral side we have the inferior and superior fibular retinaculum
medially we have the flexor retinaculum
what are the compartments of the leg and what separates them
anterior, posterior and lateral
anterior intermuscular septum separates the anterior from the lateral
the posterior intermuscular septum separates the lateral from the posterior
the interosseous membrane separates the anterior and posterior compartment
what muscles help hip flexion
psoas major and iliacus - making the iliopsoas. psoas minor, rectus femoris, pectinius, sartorious, tensor fascia lata.
both the muscles in the iliopsoas group have the same innervation and distal connection. what is the connections of these muscles
iliacus is from the iliac fossa to the lesser trochanter. the psoas major is from the T12-L5 vertebrae to the lesser trochanter. both pass under the inguinal ligament
what muscles do hip extension
mainly the gluteus maximus. the quadriceps muscles (semitendon, semimembran and the long and short head of biceps femoris). the gluteus minimus and the gluteus medias
where does the gluteus maximus attach
the iliac fossa proximally, distally to the gluteal tuberosity of the femur and the iliotibial band
what are the two muscles that attach to the iliotibial band
the gluteus maximus and the tensor fascia lata
what are the muscles of hip abduction
gluteus medias and the gluteus minimus
where do the gluteus medias and minimus attach
they are both deep to the gluteus maximus. \medias is more superficial tho
both attach to the iliac fossa proximally and distally to the greater trochanter.
whats trendelenburg sign
when we have the circular gait due ti weakness of the gluteus minimus and medias on one side of the hip. this weakness causes lesser contraction of these muscles resulting in pelvic drop on the other side of the hip. thus we swing leg in circular motion to avoid dragging leg.
what muscles are the hip adductors
these are muscles on the medial compartment of the thigh. from the top to bottom : pectineus, adductor longus, behind the longus is the adductor brevis, then more medial is the adductor magnus, then the Gracilis.
