bones and joints of the upper limb

Question 1

what is the bone which connects the upper limb of the appendicular skeleton to the axial skeleton

Answer 1

the clavicle

Question 2

what are the three ways to orientate the clavicle

Answer 2

the surface - the upper surface is more smooth and lower is roughened
the ends - lateral is more flattened and the medial is more curved shape
the curvature the lateral third is concave and the medial 2/3 is convex

Question 3

where does the head of the humerus articulate

Answer 3

at the glenoid fossa

Question 4

whats the name of the tubuercules at the glenoid fossa

Answer 4

the supraglenoid tubercule and the infraglenoid tubercule

Question 5

what attaches to the infraglenoid tubercule the

Answer 5

the triceps brachii long head

Question 6

what attaches to the supraglenoid tubercule

Answer 6

the long head of the biceps brachii

Question 7

what bones is the clavicle attached to, whats the sites

Answer 7

attached to the acronium of the scapula laterally
attached to the sternum medially

Question 8

whats the names of the joints of the clavicle

Answer 8

the acromioclavicular joint laterally and the sternoclavicular joint medially

Question 9

describe the acromioclavicular joint

Answer 9

has an incomplete fibrocartilagenous disc, plane synovial. as the disc is incomplete the bony congruency is low, so needs ligament support

Question 10

what are the ligaments of the acromioclavicular joint

Answer 10

the superior acromioclavicular ligament, the inferior acromioclavicular ligament and the coracoclavicular joint

Question 11

what are the parts of the coracoclavicular joint and their attachments

Answer 11

the conoid ligament - the conoid tubercule of the clavicle
the trapezoid ligament - the trapezoid line of the clavicle

Question 12

describe the sternoclavicular joint

Answer 12

saddle joint of the clavicle and sternum and first costal cartilage.
complete fibrocartilage disc so its a stable joint.

Question 13

what are the ligaments of the sternoclavicular joint

Answer 13

anterior sternoclavicular ligament, posterior sternoclavicular ligament - these make the sternoclavicular joint capsule
theres also the interclavicular ligament and the costoclavicular joint

Question 14

whats the path of force transmission across the shoulder girdle

Answer 14

When we sustain a force at the end of our upper limb the force goes through the humerus, through the glenoid cavity into the scapula, through the coracoclavicular ligament, through the clavicle and then down into the ribs via the costoclavicular ligament.

Question 15

whats the glenoid fossa lined with - whats it do

Answer 15

the glenoid fossa is lined with the glenoid labrum, deepening the articulations between the humerus and the scapula

Question 16

what are the ligaments of the shoulder joint

Answer 16

glenohumeral ligament, coracohumeral ligament and the transverse humeral ligament.

Question 17

the shoulder joint isnt completely stable. what helps to stabilise this joint

Answer 17

the rotator cuff muscles, the coracoacromial arch and the long head of the biceps brachii

Question 18

what makes up the coracoacromial arch

Answer 18

the scapula coracoid process and the acromium process and the coracoacromial ligament between these two surfaces.

Question 19

why is a fracture of the surgical neck of the humerus problematic

Answer 19

because this is where we find the anterior and posterior circumflex humeral arteries. also have the axillary nerve here so its painful aussi.

Question 20

what are the two points of the elbow joint

Answer 20

the humeroulnar joint - the trochlea surface of the humerus and the trochlear notch of the ulna
humeroradial notch - capitulum of the humerus and the head of the radius

Question 21

what three joints does the synovial membrane of the elbow joint contain

Answer 21

the humeroradial joint, the humeroulnar joint and the proximal radio-ulnar joint

Question 22

what are the ligaments of the elbow joint and their attachments

Answer 22

ulnar collateral ligament - medial epicondyle to the medial margin of the trochlea notch of the ulna
the radial collateral ligament - lateral epicondyle to the annular ligament

Question 23

what makes up the proximal radio-ulnar joint and what ligament holds it

Answer 23

the head of the radius and the radial notch of the ulnar
held by the annular ligament

Question 24

where does the annular ligament attach

Answer 24

the posterior and anterior aspects of the radial notch on the ulna. wrapping around the radius in the process

Question 25

what makes up the distal radio-ulnar joint

Answer 25

the head of the ulna and the ulnar notch on the radius
this joint has a triangular disc

Question 26

what are the carpals

Answer 26

She Looks Too Pretty - proximal row
Try To Catch Her- distal row
She - Scaphoid. Looks - lunate. Too - Triquetrum. Pretty - Pisiform
Try - Trapezium. To - Trapezoid. Catch - Capitate. Her - Hamate.
Hamate has the hook of hamate.

Question 27

what bones make up the wrist joint

Answer 27

distal radius, the articular disc of the ulna, the scaphoid, lunate and triquetrum.

Question 28

what are the ligaments of the wrist joint

Answer 28

these ligaments make the joint capsule and they are the radial and ulnar collateral ligaments. same as elbow joint.

Question 29

what makes up the thumb joint

Answer 29

this is the 1st carpometacarpal joint. its made by the trapezium bone and the first metacarpal bone

Question 30

what makes up both the metacarpophalangeal joints and interphalangeal

Answer 30

a joint capsule which is made of the medual and lateral collateral ligaments and a palmer ligament
metacarpophalangeal joint has the deep transverse metacarpal ligament tho.
remember interphalangeal is a hinge joint and the metacarpophalangeal joint is ellipsoid