Lecture 2

Question 1

Moment arm

Answer 1

length between a joint axis and the line of force acting on that joint

perpendicular distance

Question 2

Moment arm will change…

Answer 2

as the segment goes through its motion

Question 3

Torque =

Answer 3

force x moment arm

Can have internal or external depending on type of moment arm

Question 4

Eccentric Contraction

Answer 4

External force is greater than the muscle can generate

Question 5

Ps of touch

Answer 5

Power
Privilege
Purpose

Question 6

Power

Answer 6

personal space, consent, expectation, framework. Every patient will come to you with different experiences with touch

Question 7

Privilege

Answer 7

you have a license to get in personal space but consent is required

Question 8

Purpose

Answer 8

Do you need to touch? Why?

Question 9

Positioning a patient

Answer 9

table locked
ROM is easily accessible
Explain/demonstrate
ROM is in right plane of motion

Question 10

SEM

Answer 10

approximately 5 degrees between raters

Question 11

Inclinometers

Answer 11

reliable and valid, more so than goniometers. Tends to have a smaller SEM than goni

Question 12

Reliability

Answer 12

Intra-rater
Inter-rater

Question 13

Intra-rater

Answer 13

are you consistent each time YOU measure?

Question 14

Inter-rater

Answer 14

is the measurement consistent between 2 or more raters?

Question 15

Validity

Answer 15

Are you measuring the true value?

Question 16

Steps to measure ROM

Answer 16

1. Determine type of measurement (AROM/AAROM/PROM)
2. Explain to patient
3. Position the patient
4. Patient move actively through ROM
5. Palpate
6. Align measurement device
7. Read measurement
8. Repeat as needed

Question 17

Measuring PROM

Answer 17

1. Instruct patient of movement
2. Move joint passively w/distal limb
3. Determine end-feel
4. Record patient ROM
5. Return to starting position

Question 18

Manual muscle testing

Answer 18

Isometric, break test. Hold until “break”

Question 19

MMT Grading

Answer 19

3 is the normal moment, everyone is a 3 if they can do the movement

Question 20

1 MMT

Answer 20

Palpation and visual inspection finds no contraction

Question 21

2 MMT

Answer 21

Muscle group contracts but no visible movement of the limb

Question 22

How to get a good MMT reading

Answer 22

Stabilization
Cueing
Ramping (4-6 sec parabolic)
In-line with force vector
Muscle size, scale changes
Make sure there aren’t psychological things stopping patient

Question 23

MMT Contraindications

Answer 23

Dislocation
Acute inflammation
unhealed fractures
severe/advanced osteoporosis
postoperation
acute settings

Question 24

MMT precautions

Answer 24

Language &/or cognitive barrier
age
cultural, social
psychological state
pain in area
different care settings

if testing will disrupt normal healing process of tissues