Lecture 2 Flashcards
Moment arm
length between a joint axis and the line of force acting on that joint
perpendicular distance
Moment arm will change…
as the segment goes through its motion
Torque =
force x moment arm
Can have internal or external depending on type of moment arm
Eccentric Contraction
External force is greater than the muscle can generate
Ps of touch
Power
Privilege
Purpose
Power
personal space, consent, expectation, framework. Every patient will come to you with different experiences with touch
Privilege
you have a license to get in personal space but consent is required
Purpose
Do you need to touch? Why?
Positioning a patient
table locked
ROM is easily accessible
Explain/demonstrate
ROM is in right plane of motion
SEM
approximately 5 degrees between raters
Inclinometers
reliable and valid, more so than goniometers. Tends to have a smaller SEM than goni
Reliability
Intra-rater
Inter-rater
Intra-rater
are you consistent each time YOU measure?
Inter-rater
is the measurement consistent between 2 or more raters?
Validity
Are you measuring the true value?
Steps to measure ROM
- Determine type of measurement (AROM/AAROM/PROM)
- Explain to patient
- Position the patient
- Patient move actively through ROM
- Palpate
- Align measurement device
- Read measurement
- Repeat as needed
Measuring PROM
- Instruct patient of movement
- Move joint passively w/distal limb
- Determine end-feel
- Record patient ROM
- Return to starting position
Manual muscle testing
Isometric, break test. Hold until “break”
MMT Grading
3 is the normal moment, everyone is a 3 if they can do the movement
1 MMT
Palpation and visual inspection finds no contraction
2 MMT
Muscle group contracts but no visible movement of the limb
How to get a good MMT reading
Stabilization
Cueing
Ramping (4-6 sec parabolic)
In-line with force vector
Muscle size, scale changes
Make sure there aren’t psychological things stopping patient
MMT Contraindications
Dislocation
Acute inflammation
unhealed fractures
severe/advanced osteoporosis
postoperation
acute settings
MMT precautions
Language &/or cognitive barrier
age
cultural, social
psychological state
pain in area
different care settings
if testing will disrupt normal healing process of tissues
