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1 Biomechanics > Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Kinetics

A

Describes the effect of forces on the body

Torques, f=ma

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2
Q

Kinematics

A

Describes the motion of the body

Translation, rotation, position velocity

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3
Q

Combined loading

A

Compression and torsion

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4
Q

Stress-strain curve

A

The idea that a muscle can either become plastic or elastic, depends on age, health of tissue, time and rate of loading

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5
Q

Stress

A

Internal resistance

Ex different colored Therabands

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6
Q

Strain

A

Change in length

Stretching one theraband differently

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7
Q

Internal forces

A

Active OR passive

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8
Q

External forces

A

Gravity, loads, weight

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9
Q

Active forex

A

Contractile tissue

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10
Q

Passing force

A

Non-contractile tissue (bone, fascia)

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11
Q

Sagittal plane

A

Medio lateral axis

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12
Q

Front/coronal plane

A

Anteroposterior axis

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13
Q

Transverse plane

A

Vertical axis

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14
Q

Oblique plane

A

Migrates during motion

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15
Q

Planes vs axis

A

Planes = indicate movement
Axes = used for testing. Perpendicular to planes

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16
Q

Osteokinematics

A

Motion of the bones relative to planes. What we see and measure

Es: abduction/adduction

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17
Q

Arthrokinematics

A

Motion that occurs between articular surfaces of joints. What we feel and assess

Ex: types of joints, concave vs convex, fundamental motions

18
Q

Fundamental motions

A

Roll, slide, spin

19
Q

Concave and convex joints

A

Improve surface area/congruency, dissipate force, guides motion

20
Q

Concave on convex

A

Rolls and slides in similar directions

21
Q

Convex on concave

A

Rolls and slides in opposite direction (convex)

22
Q

Closed chain

A

Limb is stationary and touching the ground or exercise equipment (squat)

23
Q

Open packed

A

Less surface area, capsule & ligaments are lax, accessory movement is maximized. Surrounding muscles are contracting more. Joints at rest are in open packed

24
Q

Closed packed

A

More joint congruency, ligaments & capsule are taut, accessory movements are minimal

25
Q

End feel

A

Tells us about the health of the joint
End of ROM
Used in PROM

26
Q

Moment arm

A

Perpendicular distance between the axis of rotation of the joint and the force

27
Q

Torque

A

Rotational
Force + moment arm

28
Q

Muscles that have force but no moment arm

A

Stabilize a joint or region

29
Q

Moment arm changes when

A

Leverage changes or length/tension relationship changes

30
Q

Force couple

A

Muscles produce force in difference linear directions but a resulting torque in the same rotary direction

31
Q

Concentric

A

Shortening

32
Q

Eccentric

A

Lengthening

33
Q

Function of a lever

A

Convert a linear force into a rotary torque

34
Q

First class lever

A

Fulcrum is in the middle of the lever, between the external & internal force.
Seesaw
Head balanced in sagittal plane

35
Q

Second class lever

A

Fulcrum, external force, and internal force
Plantar flexión of ankle in WB

36
Q

Third class lever

A

Internal force in between fulcrum and external force
Most common in body because they allow full ROM

Muscle force has to be much greater than the external force to isometrically maintain position of some muscles

37
Q

Mechanical advantage

A

Ratio of internal moment arm to external moment arm
how efficient a lever is
more MA means less effort required

38
Q

Passive length tension

A

The more the muscle stretches out, the more that it wants to return to its original position

Protects joints and muscles
Muscular force generation if actin myosin isn’t optimal

39
Q

Active length tension

A

Actin myosin bridges
Amount of force directly proportional # of cross-bridges

Needs to be right length or not enough torque

40
Q

Combining active and passive tensions

A

Larger range of muscle forces over a wide range of muscle lengths

1 Biomechanics (17 decks)

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